DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v8i2.350-375

Customary Criminal Law and Progressive Legal Theory for Trademark Rights Protection: Indonesia, Poland, and South Africa

I Made Wirya Darma orcid scopus publons  -  Faculty of Law, Universitas Pendidikan Nasional, Indonesia
*I Gede Agus Kurniawan orcid scopus  -  Faculty of Law, Universitas Pendidikan Nasional, Indonesia
I Nyoman Budiana  -  Faculty of Law, Universitas Pendidikan Nasional, Indonesia
Jan Alizea Sybelle  -  Stellenbosch University, South Africa
Rafał Śpiewak  -  University of Gdańsk, Poland

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Abstract

Trademark protection under the contemporary intellectual property regime remains predominantly grounded in a positivistic and registration based approach, providing limited recognition of customary criminal law in safeguarding communal economic interests. This study examines the legal relationship between customary criminal law and positive criminal law in trademark protection in Indonesia, Poland, and South Africa, while proposing a progressive legal reconstruction. Employing normative legal research with comparative and conceptual approaches, this study analyzes legislation, international instruments, legal doctrines, and scholarly literature. The findings demonstrate three distinct legal models, namely complementary conditional, constitutionally fragmented, and exclusionary monistic. Based on Progressive Legal Theory, this study proposes integrating customary criminal law into trademark protection through restorative mechanisms, recognition of communal ownership, and institutional legal reform to achieve substantive justice while maintaining legal certainty

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Keywords: Customary Criminal Law; Progressive Legal Theory; Trademark RightsProtection

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