DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v7i2.%25p

Communal Rights vs Regional Development: Pursuing Justice for Comunal Customary Land

*Marius Suprianto Sakmaf scopus  -  Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Manokwari, Indonesia
Enny Martha Sasea  -  Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Manokwari, Indonesia
Atang Suryana  -  Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Manokwari, Indonesia
Zulhilmi Bin Paidi scopus  -  Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia
Mira Novana Ardani orcid scopus  -  Fakultas Hukum, Unversitas Diponegoro, Indonesia

Citation Format:
Abstract
This study is motivated by conflicts of authority in the management of natural resources, particularly Tanah Ulayat of indigenous communities, which are often inadequately protected in the course of development and resource exploitation, including illegal mining. The primary objective of this research is to examine the position and authority of the state in managing Tanah Ulayat, to identify the legal implications of illegal mining practices on Tanah Ulayat, and to formulate a legal framework that is both just and constitutional. The study employs a normative juridical method combined with a constitutional approach and an indigenous peoples’ rights perspective. The findings reveal a legal vacuum in the protection of Tanah Ulayat, particularly when mining activities are carried out with customary approval but without state authorization. In conclusion, there is an urgent need for a legal framework that is responsive, participatory, and grounded in the principles of simultaneous development and the recognition of communal rights.
Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Comunal Customary Land (Tanah Ulayat) ; State Authority; Regional Development; Justice

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Articles
Language : EN
Recent articles
Legal Philosophy as a Judge's Worldview in Handing Down Criminal Verdicts A Critical Review of the Actualization of the Right to Control by the State Doctrine in the Policy on Revocation of Forest Area Permits/Concessions Policy Reformulation of Legal Protection for Cooperating Offender Witnesses (Justice Collaborators): A Case Study of Richard Eliezer Formulation Policy and Prospective Law Enforcement of Medical Personnel/Health Personnel Negligence Acts (Dynamics of Criminal Responsibility in Medical Malpractice) More recent articles
  1. Syafiq, A.K., Azima, A. M., Awang, A.H., Sarmila, M.S., & Jali, M.F.M. (2015), Need: Land Change Model Application. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(4), 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4s3p94
  2. Abubakar, L. (2013). Revitalisasi Hukum Adat sebagai Sumber Hukum dalam membangun Sistem Hukum Indonesia. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum,13(2),319–331. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2013.13.2.213
  3. Alting, H. (2011). Penguasaan Tanah Masyarakat Hukum Adat (Suatu Kajian terhadap Masyarakat Hukum Adat Ternate). Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 11(1), 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2011.11.1.75
  4. Antonio, W., & Charles, C. G. (2019). Achieving Land Development Benefits on Customary / Communal Land. Land Use Policy, 83(1),124-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.02.005
  5. Budhaeri, L. K., Maharani, C. A. D., Afifah, H. N. Z., Pribadi, G. B. D., Astarina, Y., Subroto, A., & Kuspraningrum, E. (2025). Kontroversi Pertambangan Illegal Pada Tanah Ulayat Kutai Barat: Studi Kasus PT. Trubaindo Coal Mining. Unes Journal of Swara Justisia, 9(1), 152–161. https://doi.org/10.31933/jb7bdk15
  6. Cahyaningrum, D. (2012). Pemanfaatan Tanah Adat Untuk Kepentingan Penanaman Modal di Bidang Perkebunan. Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum Untuk Keadilan Dan Kesejahteraan,3(1),21–40. https://jurnal.dpr.go.id/index.php/hukum/article/view/222
  7. Damaitu, E.R., & Wada, I. A. (2017). Wewenang Pemerintah Dalam Pembubaran Organisasi Masyarakat. Lentera Hukum, 4(4), 157–170. https://doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v4i3.5361
  8. Danil, E. (2012). Konstitusionalitas Penerapan Hukum Adat dalam Penyelesaian Perkara Pidana. Jurnal Konstitusi, 9(3), 583–594. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk938
  9. Deda, A.J., & Mofu, S. S. (2014). Masyarakat hukum adat dan hak ulayat di provinsi Papua Barat sebagai orang asli Papua ditinjau dari sisi adat dan budaya: Sebuah kajian etnografi kekinian. Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 11(2), 11–22. https://journal.unpar.ac.id/index.php/JAP/article/view/1495
  10. Febrianto, S. (2018). Iklim Investasi Penanaman Modal dalam Dunia Pertambangan di Indonesia. Jurnal IUS: Kajian Hukum Dan Keadilan,6(3),444–455. https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v6i3.592
  11. Harum, G. C. T. (2013). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Masyarakat Hukum Adat Di Indonesia Atas Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Genetik Sebagai Suatu Kekayaan Intelektual. Law Reform, 8(2), 65-89. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v8i2.12425
  12. Hutama, W. R. (2021). Eksistensi Hak Ulayat Pasca Berlakunya Peraturan Menteri Agraria Nomor 18 Tahun 2019. Notaire, 4(3),489–502. https://doi.org/10.20473/ntr.v4i3.28036
  13. Iqbal, M., & Sukirno, S. (2017). Rekontruksi Perjanjian Gala (Gadai Adat) Pada Masyarakat Adat Aceh Berbasis Syariah. Law Reform, 13(1), 98-113. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v13i1.15954
  14. Kridasakti, S.W., Rizkiana, R.E., Wahyuni, P.M., Senastri, N.M.J., Yuningsih, H., (2025). The Legitimacy Crisis of Customary Villages Under Indonesia’s Village Law. Sriwijaya Law Review, 9(2), 432-456. https://doi.org/10.28946/slrev.v9i2.3998
  15. Mahfud, M.A., Indarti, E., & Sukirno, S. (2019). Hak Atas Tanah Bagi Masyarakat Tradisional Di Pantai: Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia. Mimbar Hukum, 31(3), 352–367. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.42265
  16. Maladi, Y. (2011). Eksistensi Hukum Adat Dalam Konstitusi Negara Pasca Amandemen. Jurnal Mimbar Hukum, 41(3), 421–439. http://dx.doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol41.no3.254
  17. Maulana, M. R. (2018). Upaya Menciptakan Produk Hukum Berkualitas Konstitusi Melalui Model Preventif Review. Jurnal Konstitusi,15(4),774–795. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1545
  18. MD, M.M. (2009). Rambu Pembatas Dan Perluasan Kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, 16(4),441–462. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol16.iss4.art1
  19. Mustaghfirin, H. (2011). Sistem Hukum Barat, Sistem Hukum Adat, Dan Sistem Hukum Islam Menuju Sebagai Sistem Hukum Nasional sebuah Ide Yang Harmoni. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 11(1), 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2011.11.Edsus.265
  20. Nggoro, A. M., Samekto, FX. A., & Sukirno, S. (2020). Recontextualizing the patriarchal dominance of manggarai heritage customary law system by democratic and gendered orientation. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(1), 238-246. https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2021.13.01.038
  21. Nur, A. I., Al Fatih, S., & Intania, C. C. (2024). Revitalising Indigenous Rights Participation in Mining Lawmaking Process: Evaluation and Proposal for Indonesia. Law Reform, 20(1),188-210. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v20i1.63684
  22. Obeng, E. A., Oduro, K. A., Obiri, B. D., Abukari, H., Guuroh, R. T., Djagbletey, G. D., Appiah-Korang, J., & Appiah, M. (2019). Impact of Illegal Mining Activities on Forest Ecosystem Services: Local Communities’ Attitudes and Willingness to Participate in Restoration Activities in Ghana. Heliyon, 5(10),1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02617
  23. Puluhulawa, F. U. (2011). Pengawasan sebagai Instrumen Penegakan hukum pada pengelolaan Usaha pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 11(2),306–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2011.11.2.189
  24. Pulungan, M. S. (2023). Menelaah Masa Lalu, Menata Masa Depan: Sejarah Hukum Tanah Ulayat dan Model Penanganan Konflik Sosialnya. Undang: Jurnal Hukum, 6(1),235–267. https://doi.org/10.22437/ujh.6.1.235-267
  25. Putri, Y. M., Putri, R. W., &Tisnanta, H. S. (2022). Communal Rights as the Hegemony in Third World Regime: An Indonesian Perspective. Indonesian Journal of International Law, 19(2), 289-315. DOI: 10.17304/ijil.vol19.2.5
  26. Putrijanti, A. (2021). The Urgency of Environment Special Court to Enforce Environment Law. E3S Web of Conferences, 317, Article 01062. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131701062
  27. Putrijanti, A., & Sulistyawan, A. Y. (2023). Green Court Towards Ecojustice. E3S Web of Conferences, 448, Article 03058. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202344803058
  28. Redi, A. (2016). Dilema Penegakan Hukum Penambangan Mineral Dan Batubara Tanpa Izin Pada Pertambangan Skala Kecil. Jurnaal Rechtsvinding, 5(3), 399–420. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v5i3.152
  29. Rohman, A., & Syafruddin, S. (2021). Pemenuhan Hak Masyarakat Dalam Pengelolaan Lahan Pertanian Berdampak Pada Lingkungan: Tinjauan Kritis Pembakaran Lahan. Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum Dan Keadilan, 9(2), 422–436. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v9i2.914
  30. Ruy, A. A. (2024). Pengaturan Hukum Mengenai Aktivitas Pertambangan Perusahaan Tambang Emas Yang Tidak Memiliki Izin Pemilik Tanah. Lex Privatum, 13(5), 1–11. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/lexprivatum/article/view/56911/46988
  31. Sa'Adah, N. (2018). Tax amnesty policy as an effort to improve state revenues and investment growth. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 175(1), Article012206. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/175/ 1/012206
  32. Sahetapy, F. E., Makaruku, A. R., & Sahetapy, A. S. (2023). Pemanfaatan Tanah Ulayat Masyarakat Hukum Adat Oleh Investor dalam Kegiatan Investasi. J-Ceki: Jurnal Cendekia Ilmiah, 2(6), 770–780. https://doi.org/10.56799/jceki.v2i6.5192
  33. Salinding, M. B. (2019). Prinsip Hukum Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara yang Berpihak Kepada Masyarakat Hukum Adat. Jurnal Konstitusi, 16(1), 148–169. https://doi.org/doi: 10.31078/jk1618
  34. Satria, H. (2016). Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Dalam Tindak Pidana Sumber Daya Alam. Mimabar Hukum, 28(2), 288–300. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.16722
  35. Setiawati, Y. I. (2018). Harmonization of Natural Resource Utilization Rights by Indigenous Peoples in the Indonesian Legal System. Indonesian State Law Review, 1(1), 17–36. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/islrev/article/view/22961
  36. Sistyawan, D. J., Saraswati, R., Lita, T. A. L. W., Jayawibawa, M., & Aris, M. S. (2024). The Development Of Positivism's Legal Theory: From Bentham To Hart. Petita: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Syariah, 9(2), 777-801. https://doi.org/10.22373/petita.v9i1.402
  37. Sitorus, O. (2016). Penataan Hubungan Hukum dalam Penguasaan, Pemilikan, Penggunaan, dan Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Agraria: Studi Awal terhadap Konsep Hak Atas Tanah dan Ijin Usaha Pertambangan. Bhumi: Jurnal Agraria Dan Pertanahan, 2(1), 1–11. https://jurnalbhumi.stpn.ac.id/index.php/JB/article/view/29
  38. Sonata, D.L. (2014). Metode Penelitian Hukum Normatif dan Empiris Karakteristik Khas dari Metode Meneliti Hukum. Fiat Justisia Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 8(1), 15–35. https://doi.org/10.51749/jphi.v2i1.14
  39. Sukirno, S. (2014). Tindak Lanjut Pengakuan Hutan Adat Setelah Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No.35/PUU-X/2012. Jurnal Masalah-Masalah Hukum, 45(4), 259–267. https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.45.4.2016.259-267
  40. Sulaiman, S., Abdullah, M. A., Wulandari, M., Mansur, T. M., & Sautunnida, L. (2025). The Strategy of Institutional Collaboration to Expedite The Recognition of Customary Law Communities Through Land Registration in Aceh Besar, Indonesia. Law Reform,21(1),135-154. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v21i1.64760
  41. Sulaiman, S., Adli, M., & Mansur, T. M. (2019). Ketidakteraturan Hukum Pengakuan Dan Perlindungan Masyarakat Hukum Adat Di Indonesia. Law Reform, 15(1), 12-24. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v15i1.23352
  42. Veronika, T., & Winanti, A. (2021). Keberadaan Hak Atas Tanah Ulayat Masyarakat Hukum Adat Ditinjau Dari Konsephak Menguasai Oleh Negara. Humani (Hukum Dan Masyarakat Madani), 11(1), 305–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/humani.v11i2.4397
  43. Vaughan, M. B., Thompson, B., & Ayers, A. L. (2016). Pāwehe Ke Kai a‘o Hā‘ena: Creating State Law based on Customary Indigenous Norms of Coastal Management. Society & Natural Resources, 30(1), 31–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2016.1196406
  44. Wicaksono, I. (2019). Optimalisasi Peran Mahkamah Konstitusi Dalam Pembangunan Hukum Nasional Dengan Model Preventive Review. Majalah Hukum Nasional,49(1),91–116. https://doi.org/10.33331/mhn.v49i1.94
  45. Wijaya, D. D., & Mubin, N. (2024). Teori Kedaulatan Negara. Wissen: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 2(4), 114–121. https://doi.org/10.62383/wissen.v2i4.332
  46. Zulkarnain, Z. (2023). Konflik Hukum di Sektor Pertambangan: Perspektif Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam yang Berkelanjutan. Syntax Literate; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 8(11),6680–6688. https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate. v8i11.13967
  47. Grenfell, L. (2013). The Conceptual Relationship Between Legal Pluralism and the Rule of Law in Post-Conflict States. In Laura Grenfell (Ed.), Promoting the Rule of Law in Post-Conflict States (pp.59–90). Cambride: Cambride University Press
  48. Hsieh, J. (2006). Collective Rights of Indigenous Peoples: Identity-Based Movement of Plain Indigenous in Taiwan (1st ed.). New York: Routledge
  49. Irwansyah, I., & Yunus, A. (2020). Penelitian Hukum: Pilihan Metode dan Praktik Penulisan Artikel. Yogyakarta: Mirra Buana Media
  50. Jinger, D., Kaushal, R., Kumar, N.N., Kala, S., Sirohi, C., Mandal, B.S., Verma, A., & Joshi, E. (2024). Amenable Agroforestry Approaches for Restoration of Mine Spoil Areas. In: Sharma, G.K., Rashmi, I., Ali, S., Kala, S., Kumar, A., Madhu, M. (eds) Ecological Impacts of Stone Mining. Springer: Singapore. https://doi.org/10. 1007/978-981-97-4746-7_13
  51. Hendrik, H. (2024). Longboat Aktif, Penabangan Emas Illegal Wasirawi Masih Berlangsung. Retrieved from https://rri.co.id/manokwari/ kriminalitas/965206/longboat-aktif-penabangan-emas-illegal-wasirawi-masih-berlangsung

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.