DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v6i2.210-242

Kejahatan Biodiversitas dan Urgensi Peran Hukum Pidana dalam Sektor Agraria

Pidari Sinaga orcid scopus  -  Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
Yusriyadi Yusriyadi scopus  -  Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
Ana Silviana orcid scopus  -  Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
*Zico Junius Fernando orcid scopus publons  -  Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Bengkulu, Indonesia

Citation Format:
Abstract

Di era globalisasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang cepat, tekanan terhadap lingkungan hidup dan biodiversitas semakin meningkat, khususnya dalam sektor agraria. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi bentuk-bentuk kejahatan terhadap biodiversitas dalam konteks agraria dan efektivitas penegakan hukum pidana sebagai sarana perlindungan. Fokus penelitian ini adalah pada praktik-praktik yang mengancam keberagaman hayati, seperti penggunaan lahan tanpa memperhatikan prinsip ekologi, penggunaan pestisida dan herbisida berlebihan, serta konversi lahan dari ekosistem alami ke pertanian monokultur yang berpotensi merusak habitat dan menurunkan kualitas genetik tanaman lokal. Penelitian ini merupakan studi yang mengadopsi metode penelitian hukum normatif, menggunakan pendekatan multidimensional, termasuk perundang-undangan, konseptual, komparatif, dan futuristik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun undang-undang di banyak negara telah menetapkan kerangka kerja untuk perlindungan biodiversitas, masih terdapat kesenjangan dalam implementasi dan penegakan hukum yang efektif. Keterbatasan sumber daya, kurangnya kesadaran, dan konflik kepentingan seringkali menjadi hambatan dalam melindungi biodiversitas di sektor agraria. Rekomendasi dari studi ini termasuk peningkatan kerjasama lintas sektoral, pengembangan kapasitas penegak hukum, serta penggunaan pendekatan yang lebih holistik dalam perencanaan penggunaan lahan yang mempertimbangkan kepentingan ekologis.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Biodiversitas; Kejahatan Lingkungan; Hukum Pidana; Sektor Agraria; Penegakan Hukum

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Articles
Language : ID
Recent articles
Kebebasan Pers, Tanggung Jawab dan Etika Jurnalistik dalam Lingkungan Media Online yang Kompetitif The Right to be Heard: Bagaimana Era Digitalisasi Mendistorsi Kedudukan Konsumen dalam Memberikan Ulasan? Hambatan Regulasi Dan Teknis Terkait Implementasi Cyber Notary Di Indonesia More recent articles
  1. Amalina, Nasya N. (2022). Eksistensi Hukum dalam Penerapan Prinsip Ekowisata Berbasis Masyarakat sebagai Upaya Pelestarian Keanekaragaman Hayati di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis, Vol.3,(No.11),pp.912–929. https://doi.org/10.56370/jhlg.v3i11.335
  2. Bragadóttir, Ragnheiður. (2023). Protecting the Environment with Criminal Law. Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab, Vol. 110, (No.1),pp.5–25. https://doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v110i1.136734
  3. Butchart,Stuart HM., Walpole, Matt., Collen, Ben., van Strien, Arco., Scharlemann, Jörn PW., Almond,Rosamunde EA., Baillie, Jonathan EM., Bomhard, Bastian., Brown, Claire., Bruno, John., Carpenter, Kent E., Carr, Geneviève M., Janice Chanson., Anna M Chenery., Jorge Csirke., Nick C Davidson., Frank Dentener., Matt Foster., Alessandro Galli., James N Galloway., Piero Genovesi., Richard D Gregory., Marc Hockings., Valerie Kapos., Jean-Francois Lamarque., Fiona Leverington., Jonathan Loh., Melodie A McGeoch., Louise McRae., Anahit Minasyan., Monica Hernández Morcillo., Thomasina E E Oldfield., Daniel Pauly., Suhel Quader., Carmen Revenga., John R Sauer., Benjamin Skolnik., Dian Spear., Damon Stanwell-Smith., Simon N Stuart., Andy Symes., Megan Tierney.,Tristan D Tyrrell., Jean-Christophe Vié., & Watson, Reg. (2010). Global Biodiversity: Indicators of Recent Declines. Science, Vol. 328, (No. 5982),pp.1164–1168. DOI: 10.1126/science.1187512
  4. Chandra, Alvin., & Idrisova, Anastasiya. (2011). Convention on Biological Diversity: a review of national challenges and opportunities for implementation. Biodiversity and Conservation, Vol.20, (No.14),pp.3295–3316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-011-0141-x
  5. Costantini, D. (2015). Land-Use Changes and Agriculture in The Tropics: Pesticides as an Overlooked Threat to Wildlife. Biodiversity and Conservation, Vol.24, (No.7), pp.1837–1839. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-015-0878-8
  6. Daugstad, K. (2011). The Participatory Dimension in Nature Conservation Processes: Examples of Ideology and Practice from Norway. The European Landscape Convention,pp.67–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9932-7_4
  7. Fahad, Shah., Chavan, Sangram Bhanudas., Chichaghare, Akash Ravindra., Uthappa, Appanderanda Ramani., Kumar, Manish., Kakade, Vijaysinha., Pradhan, Aliza., Jinger, Dinesh., Rawale, Gauri., Yadav, Dinesh Kumar., Kumar, Vikas., Farooq, Taimoor Hassan., Ali, Baber., Sawant, Aksay Vijay., Saud, Shah., Chen, Shouyue., & Poczai, Peter. (2022). Agroforestry Systems for Soil Health Improvement and Maintenance. Sustainability, Vol.14, (No.22), pp.1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142214877
  8. Fang, Guirong., Liu, Hong., Wu, Ka., Wei, Tongqien., & Wang, Qing. (2022). Changing Legislative Thinking in China to Better Protect Wild Animals and Human Health. Conservation Biology, Vol.36, (No.1),pp.1–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/COBI.13837
  9. Firmansyah, M. Anang., & Subowo. (2012). Dampak Kebakaran Lahan Terhadap Kesuburan Fisik, Kimia, dan Biologi Tanah Serta Alternatif Penanggulangan Dan Pemanfaatannya. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan,Vol.6,(No.2),pp.89–100. http://ejurnal.litbang.pertanian.go.id/index.php/jsl/ article/view/6393
  10. Fitriadi, Ryan A. (2021). Penegakan Hukum Pidana Dibidang Lingkungan Hidup: Pemidanaan Berbasis Konservasi Lingkungan Hidup. Syntax Idea, Vol.3, (No.7),pp.1716–1734. https://doi.org/10.46799/syntax-idea.v3i7.1374
  11. Gargallo, E. (2015). Conservation on Contested Lands: The Case of Namibia’s Communal Cconservancies. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, Vol.33, (No.2), pp.213–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2015.1065575
  12. Garnett, Stephen T., Burgess, Neil D., Fa, Julia E., Fernández-Llamazares, Álvaro., Molnár, Zsolt., Robinson, Cathy J., Watson, James E M., Zander, Kerstin K., Austin, Beau., Brondizio, Eduardo S., Collier, Neil French., Duncan, Tom., Ellis, Erle., Geyle, Heyley., Jackson, Micha V, Jonas, Harry., Malmer, Pernilla., McGowan, Ben., Sivongxay, Amphone., & Leiper, Ian. (2018). A Spatial Overview of The Global Importance of Indigenous Lands for Conservation. Nature Sustainability, Vol.1, (No.7),pp.369–374. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0100-6
  13. Gonthier, David J., Ennis, Katherine K., Farinas, Serge., Hsieh, Hsun-Yi., Iverson, Aaron L., Batáry, Peter., Rudolphi, Jorgen., Tscharntke, Teja., Cardinale, Brandley J., & Perfecto, Ivette. (2014). Biodiversity Conservation in Agriculture Requires a Multi-Scale Approach. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol.281,(No.1791),pp.9–14. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb. 2014.1358
  14. Gurran, Nicole., Gilbert, Catherine., & Phibbs, Peter. (2015). Sustainable Development Control? Zoning and Land Use Regulations for Urban Form, Biodiversity Conservation and Green Design in Australia. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Vol.58,(No.11),pp.1877–1902. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2014.967386
  15. Haddad, Nick M., Brudvig, Lars A., Clobert, Jean., Davies, Kendi F., Gonzalez, Andrew., Holt, Robert D., Lovejoy, Thomas E., Sexton, Joseph O., Austin, Mike P., Collins, Cathy D., Cook, William M., Damschen, Ellen I., Ewers, Robert M., Foster, Brian L., Jenkins, Clinton N., King, Andrew J., Laurance, William F., Levey, Douglas J., Margules, Chris R., Melbourne, Brett A., Nicholls, AO., Orrock, John L., Song, Dan-Xia., & Townshend, John R. (2015). Habitat Fragmentation and Its Lasting Impact on Earth’s Ecosystems. Science Advances, Vol.1,(No.2),pp.1–26. https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIADV.1500052/SUPPL_FILE/E1500052_SM.PDF
  16. Hariyanto. (2022). Kejahatan Bioterorisme Dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum To-Ra : Hukum Untuk Mengatur Dan Melindungi Masyarakat, Vol.8, (No.2), pp.190–200. https://doi.org/10.55809/tora.v8i2.147
  17. Hashimi, Mohammad Hanif., Hashimi, Rahmatullah., & Ryan, Qasimullah. (2020). Toxic Effects of Pesticides on Humans, Plants, Animals, Pollinators and Beneficial Organisms. Asian Plant Research Journal, Vol.5,(No.4),pp.37–47. https://doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2020/v5i430114
  18. Hayati, Ai., Rahayu, Ajeng Sri., Puspita, Bella., Sari, Evita., Putri, Maylinda., & Setiawan, Zefry. (2021). Pemanfaatan Sumber Modal Dalam Membuka Peluang Bisnis Untuk Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Keuangan Rumah Tangga. Dedikasi PKM, Vol.2, (No.3), pp.312–317. https://doi.org/10.32493/dedikasipkm.v2i3.10727
  19. Herlambang., Fernando, Zico Junius., & Rahmasari, Helda. (2022). Kejahatan Memperkaya Diri Sendiri Secara Melawan Hukum (Illicit Enrichment) Dan Aparatur Sipil Negara: Sebuah Kajian Kritis. RechtsVinding,Vol.11,(No.2),pp.247–264. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v11i2
  20. Johnston, S. (2001). The Convention on Biological Diversity: Ten Years on and The Strategic Plan. Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy, Johnston Vol.4, (No.2),pp.147–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 13880290109353979
  21. Kock, Michael D. (1996). Zimbabwe: A Model for the Sustainable Use of Wildlife and The Development of Innovative Wildlife Management Practices. The Exploitation of Mammal Populations, pp.229–249. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1525-1_13
  22. Krauss, Jochen., Bommarco, Riccardo., Guardiola, Moises., Heikkinen, Risto K., Helm, Aveliina., Kuussaari, Mikko., Lindborg, Regina., Öckinger, Erik., Pärtel, Meelis., Pino, Joan., Pöyry, Juha., Raatikainen, Katja M., Sang, Anu., Stefanescu, Constanti., Teder, Tilt., Zobel, Martin., & Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf. (2010). Habitat Fragmentation Causes Immediate and Time-Delayed Biodiversity Loss at Different Trophic Levels. Ecology Letters, Vol.13,(No.5),pp.597–605. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01457.x
  23. Li, Xiushan., Wang, Yu., Luo, Youqing., Wen, Junbao., Li, Houhun., Gottschalk, Eckhard., Settele, Joseph., & Schweiger, Oliver. (2021). Opportunities to Improve China’s Biodiversity Protection Laws. Nature Ecology & Evolution, Vol.5, (No.6), pp.726–732. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01422-2
  24. Librán-Embid, Felipe., Klaus, Felix., Tscharntke, Teja., & Grass, Ingo. (2020). Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Biodiversity-Friendly Agricultural Landscapes - A Systematic Review. Science of The Total Environment, Vol.732,pp.1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139204
  25. Lucky, Judge A. (2018). Diversity in Judgments: The Role of the Courts in Promoting Biodiversity. Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy, Vol.21, (No.1), pp.1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880292.2018.1439702
  26. Mawdsley, Jonathan R., O’malley, Robin., & Ojima, Dennis S. (2009). A Review of Climate-Change Adaptation Strategies for Wildlife Management and Biodiversity Conservation. Conservation Biology, Vol.23,(No.5),pp.1080–1089. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009. 01264.x
  27. Maxwell, Sean L., Fuller, Richard A., Brooks, Thomas M., & Watson, James E. M. (2016). Biodiversity: The Ravages of Guns, Nets and Bulldozers. Nature, Vol.536, (No.7615),pp.143–145. https://doi.org/10.1038/ 536143a
  28. McNeely, Jeffrey. A. (2003). Biodiversity, War, and Tropical Forests. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, Vol.16, (No.3–4), pp.1–20. https://doi.org/10.1300/J091v16n03_01
  29. Najemi, Andi., & Usman. (2018). Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Di Bidang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati Dan Ekosistemnya Di Wilayah Hukum Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur. Jurnal Inovatif, Vol.XI, (No.IV), pp.25–49. https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/jimih/article/view/ 13202
  30. Nugraha, Arvin Asta., Handayani, I Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi., & Najicha, Fatma Ulfatun. (2021). Peran Hukum Lingkungan Dalam Mencegah Kerusakan Dan Pencemaran Lingkungan Hidup. Jurnal Hukum To-Ra : Hukum Untuk Mengatur Dan Melindungi Masyarakat,Vol.7,(No.2),pp.283–298. https://doi.org/10.55809/tora.v7i2.8
  31. Paramudita, Beby Jaga., Hertati, Rini., & Syafrialdi. (2020). Studi Biodiversitas Ikan Di Perairan Sungai Batanghari Desa Bedaro Rampak Kecamatan Tebo Tengah Kabupaten Tebo Provinsi Jambi. SEMAH Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Perairan, Vol.4,(No.2),pp.103–114. https://doi.org/10. 36355/semahjpsp.v4i2.458
  32. Pascual, Maria., Wingard, James., Bhatri, Naila., Rydannykh, Alyona., & Phelps, Jacob. (2021). Building a Global Taxonomy of Wildlife Offenses. Conservation Biology, Vol.35,(No.6),pp.1903–1912. https://doi.org/10.1111/COBI.13761
  33. Pecl, Greta T., Araújo, Miguel B., Bell, Johann D., Blanchard, Julia., Bonebrake, Timothy C., Chen, I- Ching., Clark, Timothy D., Colwell, Robert K., Danielsen, Finn., Evengård, Birgitta., Falconi, Lorena., Ferrier, Simon., Frusher, Stewart., Garcia, Raquel A., Griffis, Roger B., Hobday, Alistair J., Janion-Scheepers, Charlene., Jarzyna, Marta A., Jennings, Sarah., Lenoir, Jonathan., linnetved, Hlif I., Martin, Victoria Y., Mccormack, Phillipa C., Mcdonald, Jann., Mitchell, Nicola J., Mustonen, Tero., Pabdolfi, John M., & Williams, Stephen E. (2017). Biodiversity Redistribution Under Climate Change: Impacts on Ecosystems and Human Well-Being. Science, Vol. 355, (No.6332),pp.1–22. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aai9214
  34. Phelps, Jacob., Webb, Edward L., Bickford, David., Nijman, Vincent., & Sodhi, Navjot S. (2010). Boosting CITES. Science, Vol.330,(No.6012),pp.1752–1753. DOI: 10.2307/40986569
  35. Putra, Panca Sarjana., Fernando, Zico Junius., Nunna, Bhanu Prakash., & Anggriawan, Rizaldy. (2023). Judicial Transformation: Integration of AI Judges in Innovating Indonesia’s Criminal Justice System. Kosmik Hukum, Vol.23, (No.3), pp.233–247. https://doi.org/10.30595/kosmik hukum.v23i3.18711
  36. Rées, H. Du. (2001). Can Criminal Law Protect the Environment? Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention,Vol.2,(No.2),pp.109–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/14043850 1753737606
  37. Ridhwan, M. (2012). Tingkat Keanekaragaman Hayati dan Pemanfaatannya di Indonesia. Jurnal Biology Education, Vol.1, (No.1), pp.1–17. https://doi.org/10.32672/jbe.v1i1.157
  38. Risdiarto, D. (2017). Kebijakan Dan Strategi Pembangunan Hukum Dalam Memperkuat Ketahanan Nasional. Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, Vol.17, (No.2), pp.177–193. https://doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2017. v17.177-193
  39. Salim, Agus., Utami, Ria Anggraeni., & Fernando, Zico Junius. (2022). Green Victimology: Sebuah Konsep Perlindungan Korban dan Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan di Indonesia. Bina Hukum Lingkungan, Vol. 7, (No.11),pp.60–79. https://doi.org/10.24970/BHL.V7I1.302
  40. Sawitri, Budi., Amanah, Siti., Saleh, Amirrudin., & Hubeis, Aida Vitayala S. (2020). Membangun Kapasitas Petani Lahan Marjinal di Perbatasan Darat Indonesia (Kasus di Belu, Nusa Tenggara Timur). Agriekstensia, Vol.19, (No.1), pp.8–17. https://doi.org/10.34145/agriekstensia.v19i1.420
  41. Scherr, Sarah J., & McNeely, Jeffrey A. (2007). Biodiversity Conservation and Agricultural Sustainability: Towards a New Paradigm of Ecoagriculture Landscapes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol.363, (No.1491), pp.477–494. https://doi.org/10.1098/RSTB.2007.2165
  42. Slootweg, R. (2005). Biodiversity Assessment Framework: Making Biodiversity Part of Corporate Social Responsibility. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, Vol.23, (No.1),pp.37–46. https://doi.org/10.3152/147154605781765742
  43. Snape, W. (1997). Biodiversity and The Law. Ecology,Vol.78,p.324. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:85211968
  44. Solh, Mahmoud., Amri, Ahmaed., Ngaido, Tidiane., & Valkoun, Jan. (2003). Policy and Education Reform Needs for Conservation of Dryland Biodiversity. Journal of Arid Environments, Vol.54, (No.1),pp.5–13. https://doi.org/10.1006/JARE.2001.0896
  45. van Dooren, T. (2009). Banking Seed: Use and Value in the Conservation of Agricultural Diversity. Science as Culture, Vol.18, (No.4),pp.373–395. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 09505430902873975
  46. Walters, Reece., & Westerhuis, Diane Solomon. (2013). Green Crime and the Role of Environmental Courts. Crime, Law and Social Change, Vol.59,(No.3),pp.279–290. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10611-013-9415-4
  47. Wang, Rumin., Peng, Mingjun., Wu, Xizi., Xu, Xin., & Zhu, Bo. (2017). An Optimal Allocation Method of Law Enforcement Monitoring Based on the Saptio-Temporal Evolution of Land Use. 2017 25th International Conference on Geoinformatics,pp.1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/GEOINFORMATICS.2017.8090934
  48. Wargadinata, Ella L. (2021). Kompleksitas Hubungan Kependudukan Dan Lingkungan. Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan Widya Praja, Vol.47, (No.1), pp.1–23. https://doi.org/10.33701/jipwp.v47i1.1456
  49. Wright, Hugh L., Lake, Iain R., & Dolman, Paul M. (2012). Agriculture-A Key Element for Conservation in The Developing World. Conservation Letters, Vol.5, (No.1), pp.11–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-263X. 2011.00208.x
  50. CITES. (2023). What is CITES? Retrieved from https://cites.org/eng/disc/what.php
  51. Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia. (2023). Pembangunan Berkelanjutan. Retrieved from https://law.ui.ac.id/profil/fasilitas/pem bangunan-berkelanjutan/
  52. Fernando, Zico Junius. (2023). Robot Lawyer: Inovasi Penegakan Hukum Masa Depan. Retrieced from http://www.puslatkumtara. id/2023/05/robot-lawyer-inovasi-penegakan-hukum.html
  53. Muhamad, N. (2023). Ada 212 Konflik Agraria pada 2022, Ternayak di Sektor Perkebunan. Retrieved from https://databoks.katadata.co. id/datapublish/2023/11/06/ada-212-konflik-agraria-pada-2022-terbanyak-di-sektor-perkebunan
  54. Pandu, P. (2023). Data Indeks Biodiversitas Indonesia Bantu Analisis Status dan Tren Populasi. Retrieved from https://www. kompas.id/baca/humaniora/2023/01/10/data-indeks-biodiversitas-indonesia-bantu-analisis-status-dan-tren-populasi
  55. Pasal 18B ayat (2) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945
  56. Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1990 tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya
  57. Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 1999 tentang Kehutanan

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.