BibTex Citation Data :
@article{JPA33168, author = {Dimas Sianipar and Renhard Sipayung and M. Najib Syami Muqtadir and Indah Fajerianti and Sandy Tri Gustono and Moreno Wahyu Arieza}, title = {Seismic waveform modeling of the 22 December 2018 flank collapse of Anak Krakatau volcano and implications for near-field multi-source tsunami warning}, journal = {Journal of Physics and Its Applications}, volume = {8}, number = {3}, year = {2026}, keywords = {Anak Krakatau flank collapse; Landslide Seismology; Single-force inversion; Landslide Tsunami}, abstract = { The 22 December 2018 flank collapse of Anak Krakatau volcano generated a destructive tsunami in the Sunda Strait without a preceding tectonic earthquake, highlighting the limitations of earthquake-based tsunami warning for non-seismic tsunami sources. Previous studies have established that collapse of the volcano’s southwestern flank triggered the tsunami; however, the detailed force evolution and kinematic behavior of the collapse remain incompletely understood. In this study, we use broadband seismic waveforms recorded by the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG) network and apply the LS-FORCE single-force inversion framework to reconstruct the dynamic source process of the collapse. The inversion resolves three-dimensional force-time functions, force-vector orientations, and center-of-mass trajectories of the moving mass. Results reveal a dominant southwestward-directed collapse characterized by peak force amplitudes of approximately 8–9 × 10 11 N and a principal acceleration phase lasting about 20–30 s. Trajectory reconstruction indicates an effective moving mass of approximately 9.47 × 10 10 kg and a runout distance of about 10 km, consistent with independent geological, geodetic, and remote-sensing observations. Comparison with previous seismic studies confirms the inferred collapse direction and tsunami-generation mechanism while providing new constraints on the temporal evolution of force release and collapse kinematics. These findings demonstrate that long-period seismic observations contain sufficient information not only to detect collapses but also to quantify their dynamics. The results highlight the potential of force-based seismic inversion as a rapid characterization tool for volcanic landslides and other tsunamigenic mass movements, contributing to the development of near-field multi-source tsunami warning systems. }, issn = {2622-5956}, doi = {10.14710/jpa.v8i3.33168}, url = {https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/jpa/article/view/33168} }
Refworks Citation Data :
The 22 December 2018 flank collapse of Anak Krakatau volcano generated a destructive tsunami in the Sunda Strait without a preceding tectonic earthquake, highlighting the limitations of earthquake-based tsunami warning for non-seismic tsunami sources. Previous studies have established that collapse of the volcano’s southwestern flank triggered the tsunami; however, the detailed force evolution and kinematic behavior of the collapse remain incompletely understood. In this study, we use broadband seismic waveforms recorded by the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG) network and apply the LS-FORCE single-force inversion framework to reconstruct the dynamic source process of the collapse. The inversion resolves three-dimensional force-time functions, force-vector orientations, and center-of-mass trajectories of the moving mass. Results reveal a dominant southwestward-directed collapse characterized by peak force amplitudes of approximately 8–9 × 1011 N and a principal acceleration phase lasting about 20–30 s. Trajectory reconstruction indicates an effective moving mass of approximately 9.47 × 1010 kg and a runout distance of about 10 km, consistent with independent geological, geodetic, and remote-sensing observations. Comparison with previous seismic studies confirms the inferred collapse direction and tsunami-generation mechanism while providing new constraints on the temporal evolution of force release and collapse kinematics. These findings demonstrate that long-period seismic observations contain sufficient information not only to detect collapses but also to quantify their dynamics. The results highlight the potential of force-based seismic inversion as a rapid characterization tool for volcanic landslides and other tsunamigenic mass movements, contributing to the development of near-field multi-source tsunami warning systems.
Article Metrics:
Last update:
As an article writer, the author has the right to use their articles for various purposes, including use by institutions that employ authors or institutions that provide funding for research. Author rights are granted without special permission.
Author who publishes a paper at Journal of Physics and Its Applications (JPA) has the broad right to use their work for teaching and scientific purposes without the need to ask permission, including: used for (i) teaching in the author's class or institution, (ii) presentation at meetings or conferences and distributing copies to participants ; (iii) training conducted by the author or author's institution; (iv) distribution to colleagues for research use; (v) use in the compilation of subsequent authors' works; (vi) inclusion in a thesis or dissertation; (vi) reuse of part of the article in another work (with citation); (vii) preparation of derivative works (with citation); (viii) voluntary posting on open websites operated by authors or author institutions for scientific purposes (follow the CC BY-SA License).
Authors and readers can copy and redistribute material in any media or format, and mix, modify, and build material for any purpose but they must provide appropriate credit (provide article citation or content), providing links to the license, and indicate if there are changes.
The authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to Journal of Physics and Its Applications (JPA). Copyright encompasses rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all form and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations.
Reproduce any part of this journal, its storage in the database or its transmission by all forms or media is permitted does not need for written permission from JPA. However, it should be cited as an honor in academic manners
JPA and the Department of Physics Diponegoro University and the Editor make every effort to ensure that there are no data, opinions, or false or misleading statements published in JPA. However, the content of the article is the sole and exclusive responsibility of each author.
The Copyright Transfer Form can be downloaded here: [Copyright Transfer Form JPA]. The copyright form should be signed originally and send to the Editor in the form of printed letters, scanned documents sent via email or fax.
Dr. Eng. Ali Khumaeni, M.E. (Editor in Chief)
Editorial Office of Journal of Physics and Its Applications (JPA)
Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University
Journal of Physics and Its Applications (JPA) (e-ISSN: 2622-5956) is published by the Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Indonesia under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
