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Dose Distribution of Pencil Beam Proton Therapy using Geant4 Simulation for Breast Cancer Treatment

Rizki Budiman  -  Magister of Physics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
Heri Sutanto  -  Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
Rasito Tursinah  -  Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, BRIN, Tangerang, Indonesia
*Pandji Triadyaksa orcid scopus publons  -  Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
Received: 18 Nov 2024; Revised: 24 Jan 2025; Accepted: 12 May 2025; Available online: 31 May 2025; Published: 31 May 2025.

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Abstract

This study aims to obtain a Spread-Out Bragg Peak (SOBP) for breast cancer treatment using proton pencil beams Monte Carlo simulation. Proton beams with 2 MeV energy steps from 70 to 110 MeV were simulated using Geant 4 software to generate the SOBP. The optimization tool Linear Least Squares (lsqlin) was used to configure the proper proton beam weighting fraction. This tool successfully produced SOBPs within a depth range of 4-8 cm, 4-6 cm, and 5-7 cm. Comparison against a trial-and-error approach to creating SOBP by a different study shows that Linear Least Squares (lsqlin) approximation leads to a better SOBP.

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Keywords: Breast Cancer; Dose Distribution; Pencil Beam; Proton Therapy; Spread-Out Bragg Peak (SOBP)

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