Produksi dan nutrisi kedelai dengan inokulasi ganda (cendawan mikoriza arbuskular + Bradyrhizobium japonicum) dan pemupukan fosfat
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/joac.4.1.16-22
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The use of rock phosphate with mycorrhizal arbuscular fungi and rhizobium inoculation can be an alternative source to replace SP-36 role to increase soybean production. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of dual inoculation (Mycorrhizal Arbuscular Fungi+ Bradyrhizobium japonicum) and phosphate fertilization on dry weight, N and P straw concentration of soybean. The study used monofactor completely randomized design with five repliactions of treatments T0 (control), T1 (RP fertilizer), T2 (SP-36 fertilizer), T3 (mycorrhizalinoculation), T4 (B. japonicuminoculation), T5 (mycorrhizal+ RP), T6 (mycorrhizal + SP-36), T7 (B. japonicum + RP), T8 (B. japonicum + SP-36), T9 (dual inoculation), T10 (dual inoculation + RP), T11 (dual inoculation + SP-36). Parameters measured were seed weight, dry weight, N and P concentration of soybean straw. Data were analyzed by anova and DMRT at α = 5%. The results showed that T10 was non significant different on seed weight with T2. The T10 was higher in N and P straw concentration compared to T2 respectively. The use of RP with single mycorrhizal or double inculation could be recommended source of P to replace SP-36.
Keywords: Dry weight, mycorrhiza, rhizobium, rock phosphate, soybean
ABSTRAK
Penggunaan batuan fosfat (BP) dengan inokulasi cendawan mikoriza arbuskular (CMA) dan rhizobium diharapkan mampu menggantikan peran SP-36 untuk meningkatkan produksi kedelai. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh inokulasi ganda (Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskular+ Bradyrhizobium japonicum) dan pemupukan fosfat terhadap produksi dan nutrisi kedelai. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) monofaktor lima ulangan dengan perlakuan T0 (kontrol), T1 (pupuk BP), T2 (pupuk SP-36), T3 (inokulasi CMA), T4 (inokulasi B. japonicum), T5 (CMA + BP), T6 (CMA + SP-36), T7 (B. japonicum + BP), T8 (B. japonicum + SP-36), T9 (inokulasi ganda), T10 (inokulasi ganda + BP), T11 (inokulasi ganda + SP-36). Parameter yang diamati adalah berat biji, berat kering jerami, kadar N dan P jerami kedelai. Data dianalisis ragam dan uji lanjut Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada taraf α = 5%. Hasil biji dan berat kering jerami T10 tidak berbeda nyata terhadapT2. Perlakuan T10 menghasilkan kadar N dan P jerami nyata lebih tinggi dibanding perlakuan T2. Penggunaan BP dengan inokulasi CMA tunggal maupun ganda dapat menjadi alternatif sumber P yang lebih ramah lingkungan dibanding SP-36.
Kata Kunci: Berat kering, batuan fosfat, kedelai, mikoriza, rhizobium
Full Text:
PDFReferences
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Balai Penelitian Tanah. 2009. Analisis Kimia Tanah, Tanah, Tanaman, Air dan Pupuk. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, Departemen Pertanian, Bogor.
Bertham, R. Y. H. 2007. Inokulasi ganda fungi mikoriza arbuskula dan rhizobium lokal meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tiga genotipe kedelai di Ultisol, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Mikoriza II. Bogor, 17 – 21 Juli 2007. Hal. 11 – 19.
Bulgarelli, R. G., F. C. C. Marcos, and R. V. Ribeiro. 2017. Mycorrhizae enhance nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis in phosphorus-starved soybean (Glycine max L. Merill). Environmental and Experimental Botany 140 : 26 – 33.
Catford, J. G., C. Staehelin, S. Lerat, Y. Piche, dan H. Vierheilig. 2003. Supression of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and nodulation in split-root systems of alfalfa after pre-inoculation and treatment with nod factors. J. Exp. Bot. 54 : 1481 – 1487.
Damanik, M. M. B., H. Hanum, dan S. Syarifuddin. 2011. Kesuburan Tanah dan Pemupukan. Universitas Sumatera Utara Press, Medan.
Elkan, G. H. 1987. Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation Technology. Department of Micorbiology, North Carolina State University Releigh, Carolina.
El-Yazid, A. and H. E. Abou-Aly. 2011. Enhancing growth, productivity and quality of tomato plants using phosphate solubilizing microorganism. Aust. J. of Basic Appl. Sci. 5 : 371 – 379.
Hernandez, I. and S. Munne-Bosch. 2015. Linking phosphorus availability with photo-oxidative stress in plants. J. Exp. Bot. 66 : 2889 – 2900.
Joner, E. J. and A. Johansen. 2000. Phosphatase activity of external hyphae of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Mycol. Res. 104 : 81 – 86.
Kaschuk, G. T. W. Kuyper, P. A. Leffelaar, M. Hungaria, dan K. E. Giller. 2009. Are the rates of photosynthesis stimulated by the carbon sink strength of rhizobial and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses? Soil Biol. Biochem. 41 : 1233 – 1244.
Kaur, G. dan M. S. Reddy. 2015. Effects of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria, Rock Phosphate and Chemical Fertilizers on Maize-Wheat Cropping Cycle and Economics. Pedhosphere 25 (3) : 428 – 437.
Lehmann, A., S. D. Veresoglou, E. F. Leifheit, and M. C. Rillig. 2014. Arbuscular mycorrhizal influence on plant nutrition in crop plants-a meta analysis. Soil Biol. Biochem. 69 : 123 – 131.
Mahanta, D., R. K. Rai, S. D. Mishra, A. Raja, T. J. Purakayastha, and E. Varghese. 2014. Influence of phosphorus and biofertilizers on soybean and wheat root growth and properties. Field Crop. Res. 166 : 1 – 9.
Mahanta, D. Dan R. K. Rai. 2008. Effects of sources of phosphorus and biofertilizers on productivity and profitability of soybean-wheat system. Indian J. Agron. 53 : 279 – 284.
Mahanta, D., R. K. Rai, S. Dhar, E. Varghese, A. Raja, and T. J. Purakayastha. 2018. Modification of root properties with phosphate solubilizing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhiza to reduce rock phosphate application in soybean-wheat cropping system. Ecological Engineering 111 : 31 – 43.
Mortimer, P. E., A. M. Perez-Fernandez, dan A. J. Valentine. 2008. The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in the carbon and nutrient economy of the tripartite symbiosis with nodulated Phaseolus vulgaris. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 40 : 1019 – 1027.
Muis, A., D. Indradewa, dan J. Widada. 2013. Pengaruh inokulasi mikoriza arbuskular terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merill) pada berbagai interval penyiraman. Vegetalika 2 (2) : 7 – 20.
Provorov, N. A. dan I. A. Tikhonovich. 2003. Genetic resources for improving nitrogen fixation in legume-rhizobia symbioses. Genetic Research in Crop Evolution 359 : 907 – 918.
Smith, S. E. and D. J. Read. 2008. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Third Edition. Academic Press, United State of America.
Sulieman, S. dan L. Tran. 2015. Phosphorus homeostasis in legume nodules as an adaptive strategy to phosphorus deficiency. Plant Sci. 239 : 36 – 43.
Tajini, F., M. Trabelsi, and J. Drevon. 2012. Combined inoculation Glomus intraradices and Rhizobium tropici CIAT899 increases phosphorus use efficiency for symbiotic nitrogen fixation in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 19 : 157 – 163.
Xavier, L. and J. Germida. 2002. Response of lentil under controlled conditionss to co-inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia varying in efficacy. Soil Biol. Biochem. 34 : 181 – 188.
View JOAC Stats
ISSN 2597-4386 (media online)
JOAC is published by Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Indonesia
JOAC is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.