Departemen Oseanografi, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
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@article{JKT22547, author = {Istna Zulfa and Anindya Wirasatriya and Aris Ismanto}, title = {Pengaruh ENSO Terhadap Variabilitas Curah Hujan Dan Klorofil-A di Perairan Samarinda}, journal = {Jurnal Kelautan Tropis}, volume = {28}, number = {2}, year = {2025}, keywords = {Klorofil-a; Curah Hujan; Samarinda}, abstract = { Samarinda is located along the Mahakam River, which is one of the largest rivers on the island of Borneo. The river stretches for approximately 920 kilometers, starting from the mountains in East Kalimantan and ending at the Makassar Strait. The Mahakam River plays an important role in the daily activities of the people of Samarinda. This study aims to analyze how rainfall intensity affects chlorophyll-a levels in Samarinda waters during the west and east seasons. The data used in this study came from satellite imagery. Sea surface temperature information was taken from the Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA) source, while chlorophyll data was obtained from The Ocean Color CCI (OC CCI). For rainfall, data was collected through the Global Satellite Measurement of Precipitation (GSMaP), and wind speed data was obtained from ASCAT. All temperature, wind, chlorophyll and rainfall data were spatially processed using IDL (Interactive Data Language) software. This study used data for 16 years, from January 2007 to December 2022. The results of the analysis show that in the Samarinda water area, there is a significant relationship between ENSO and rainfall in the west season, as indicated by a p value of 0.000 (<0.05). The correlation between ENSO and western season rainfall is -0.510, indicating a negative relationship with moderate strength, i.e. rainfall tends to decrease when El-Nino increases, and vice versa. Meanwhile, the relationship between ENSO and rainfall in the eastern season in the same area is also significant, with a p-value of 0.001. The correlation of -0.459 shows a negative direction and moderate correlation strength, which means that when El-Nino is strong, rainfall decreases. The relationship between ENSO and chlorophyll-a concentration is different. In the western season, the p value of 0.248 (>0.05) indicates that there is no significant relationship. The correlation value of -0.170 indicates a very weak negative relationship, meaning that when El Niño occurs, chlorophyll-a tends to decrease but not significantly. The same is true for the eastern season, where a p value of 0.615 indicates no significant relationship between ENSO and chlorophyll-a. The positive correlation of 0.074 is also very weak, meaning that when El Niño increases, chlorophyll-a increases slightly but this relationship is not strong. Samarinda berada di sepanjang aliran Sungai Mahakam, yang merupakan salah satu sungai terbesar di Pulau Kalimantan. Sungai ini membentang sepanjang kurang lebih 920 kilometer, bermula dari pegunungan di wilayah Kalimantan Timur dan berakhir di Selat Makassar. Sungai Mahakam memiliki peranan penting dalam aktivitas sehari-hari masyarakat Samarinda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana intensitas curah hujan memengaruhi kadar klorofil-a di wilayah Perairan Samarinda selama musim barat dan musim timur. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari citra satelit. Informasi suhu permukaan laut diambil dari sumber Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA), sedangkan data klorofil diperoleh dari The Ocean Color CCI (OC CCI). Untuk curah hujan, data dikumpulkan melalui Global Satellite Measurement of Precipitation (GSMaP), dan data kecepatan angin diperoleh dari ASCAT. Seluruh data suhu, angin, klorofil, dan curah hujan diolah secara spasial menggunakan perangkat lunak IDL (Interactive Data Language). Penelitian ini menggunakan data selama 16 tahun, yaitu dari Januari 2007 hingga Desember 2022. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa di kawasan perairan Samarinda, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara ENSO dan curah hujan pada musim barat, yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai p sebesar 0,000 (< 0,05). Korelasi antara ENSO dan curah hujan musim barat bernilai -0,510, menandakan adanya hubungan negatif dengan kekuatan sedang, yaitu curah hujan cenderung menurun saat El-Nino meningkat, dan sebaliknya. Sementara itu, hubungan antara ENSO dan curah hujan pada musim timur di daerah yang sama juga signifikan, dengan p-value 0,001. Korelasi sebesar -0,459 menunjukkan arah hubungan yang negatif dan kekuatan korelasi sedang, yang berarti saat El-Nino kuat, curah hujan menurun. Berbeda halnya dengan hubungan ENSO dan konsentrasi klorofil-a. Di musim barat, nilai p sebesar 0,248 (> 0,05) menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan. Nilai korelasi sebesar -0,170 mengindikasikan hubungan negatif yang sangat lemah, artinya saat terjadi El-Nino, klorofil-a cenderung menurun namun tidak secara signifikan. Hal serupa juga ditemukan pada musim timur, di mana nilai p sebesar 0,615 menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara ENSO dan klorofil-a. Korelasi positif sebesar 0,074 pun sangat lemah, yang berarti saat El-Nino meningkat, klorofil-a sedikit meningkat namun hubungan ini tidak kuat. }, issn = {2528-3111}, pages = {277--287} doi = {10.14710/jkt.v28i2.22547}, url = {https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/jkt/article/view/22547} }
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Samarinda is located along the Mahakam River, which is one of the largest rivers on the island of Borneo. The river stretches for approximately 920 kilometers, starting from the mountains in East Kalimantan and ending at the Makassar Strait. The Mahakam River plays an important role in the daily activities of the people of Samarinda. This study aims to analyze how rainfall intensity affects chlorophyll-a levels in Samarinda waters during the west and east seasons. The data used in this study came from satellite imagery. Sea surface temperature information was taken from the Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA) source, while chlorophyll data was obtained from The Ocean Color CCI (OC CCI). For rainfall, data was collected through the Global Satellite Measurement of Precipitation (GSMaP), and wind speed data was obtained from ASCAT. All temperature, wind, chlorophyll and rainfall data were spatially processed using IDL (Interactive Data Language) software. This study used data for 16 years, from January 2007 to December 2022. The results of the analysis show that in the Samarinda water area, there is a significant relationship between ENSO and rainfall in the west season, as indicated by a p value of 0.000 (<0.05). The correlation between ENSO and western season rainfall is -0.510, indicating a negative relationship with moderate strength, i.e. rainfall tends to decrease when El-Nino increases, and vice versa. Meanwhile, the relationship between ENSO and rainfall in the eastern season in the same area is also significant, with a p-value of 0.001. The correlation of -0.459 shows a negative direction and moderate correlation strength, which means that when El-Nino is strong, rainfall decreases. The relationship between ENSO and chlorophyll-a concentration is different. In the western season, the p value of 0.248 (>0.05) indicates that there is no significant relationship. The correlation value of -0.170 indicates a very weak negative relationship, meaning that when El Niño occurs, chlorophyll-a tends to decrease but not significantly. The same is true for the eastern season, where a p value of 0.615 indicates no significant relationship between ENSO and chlorophyll-a. The positive correlation of 0.074 is also very weak, meaning that when El Niño increases, chlorophyll-a increases slightly but this relationship is not strong.
Samarinda berada di sepanjang aliran Sungai Mahakam, yang merupakan salah satu sungai terbesar di Pulau Kalimantan. Sungai ini membentang sepanjang kurang lebih 920 kilometer, bermula dari pegunungan di wilayah Kalimantan Timur dan berakhir di Selat Makassar. Sungai Mahakam memiliki peranan penting dalam aktivitas sehari-hari masyarakat Samarinda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana intensitas curah hujan memengaruhi kadar klorofil-a di wilayah Perairan Samarinda selama musim barat dan musim timur. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari citra satelit. Informasi suhu permukaan laut diambil dari sumber Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA), sedangkan data klorofil diperoleh dari The Ocean Color CCI (OC CCI). Untuk curah hujan, data dikumpulkan melalui Global Satellite Measurement of Precipitation (GSMaP), dan data kecepatan angin diperoleh dari ASCAT. Seluruh data suhu, angin, klorofil, dan curah hujan diolah secara spasial menggunakan perangkat lunak IDL (Interactive Data Language). Penelitian ini menggunakan data selama 16 tahun, yaitu dari Januari 2007 hingga Desember 2022. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa di kawasan perairan Samarinda, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara ENSO dan curah hujan pada musim barat, yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai p sebesar 0,000 (< 0,05). Korelasi antara ENSO dan curah hujan musim barat bernilai -0,510, menandakan adanya hubungan negatif dengan kekuatan sedang, yaitu curah hujan cenderung menurun saat El-Nino meningkat, dan sebaliknya. Sementara itu, hubungan antara ENSO dan curah hujan pada musim timur di daerah yang sama juga signifikan, dengan p-value 0,001. Korelasi sebesar -0,459 menunjukkan arah hubungan yang negatif dan kekuatan korelasi sedang, yang berarti saat El-Nino kuat, curah hujan menurun. Berbeda halnya dengan hubungan ENSO dan konsentrasi klorofil-a. Di musim barat, nilai p sebesar 0,248 (> 0,05) menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan. Nilai korelasi sebesar -0,170 mengindikasikan hubungan negatif yang sangat lemah, artinya saat terjadi El-Nino, klorofil-a cenderung menurun namun tidak secara signifikan. Hal serupa juga ditemukan pada musim timur, di mana nilai p sebesar 0,615 menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara ENSO dan klorofil-a. Korelasi positif sebesar 0,074 pun sangat lemah, yang berarti saat El-Nino meningkat, klorofil-a sedikit meningkat namun hubungan ini tidak kuat.
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