DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jebt.2025.25074

Systematic Literature Review : Efektivitas Teknologi Pembersihan Panel Surya Otomatis dalam Meningkatkan Efisiensi Energi di Area Berdebu

Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Kampus UNNES Sekaran, Kec. Gunungpati, Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia 50229, Indonesia

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Abstract
Studi ini mencoba mengevaluasi efektivitas sistem pembersihan otomatis untuk panel fotovoltaik dalam kaitannya dengan efisiensi operasional di wilayah kering dan berdebu. Studi ini mengkaji tiga metode pembersihan utama melalui pendekatan Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis (SLR): pembersihan manual, pelapisan hidrofobik, dan teknologi berbasis sensor. Pembersihan manual, meskipun murah, memiliki kekurangan serius dalam hal intensitas tenaga kerja yang tinggi dan perawatan berulang, sehingga tidak cocok untuk lokasi dengan polusi debu yang tinggi. Sebagai perbandingan, sistem pembersihan otomatis bekerja jauh lebih baik dalam menjaga efisiensi panel surya, terutama di iklim kering dan berdebu. Penerapan pelapisan hidrofobik anti air menawarkan alternatif pembersihan sendiri yang meminimalkan daya rekat debu, sehingga mengurangi jumlah pembersihan manual yang rutin. Teknologi berbasis sensor memungkinkan untuk menentukan tingkat debu yang menumpuk, sehingga memungkinkan operasi pembersihan hanya dilakukan saat diperlukan untuk efisiensi yang lebih baik. Hasilnya telah membuktikan bahwa pendekatan pembersihan terpadu, yang menggabungkan teknik manual dan otomatis, sangat penting untuk mencapai efisiensi panel surya maksimum dalam kondisi lingkungan yang berbeda. Pendekatan hibrida ini tidak hanya meningkatkan efisiensi biaya tetapi juga memiliki peran penting dalam keberlanjutan dan kinerja panel surya dalam jangka panjang. Dengan demikian, jadwal pembersihan yang dioptimalkan berdasarkan kondisi lingkungan tertentu dapat dengan mudah meningkatkan keandalan dan keberlanjutan sistem energi surya secara dramatis.
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Keywords: Efisiensi Panel Surya; Pembersihan Manual; Pembersihan Otomatis; SLR; Teknologi Berbasis Sensor.

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