Optimization and Physical Quality Evaluation of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) Seed Oil Emulgel Formulated with Varying Concentrations of Tween 80 and Span 80 Using the Simple Lattice Design (SLD) Method

Shabrina Nindya Hutami; Taufik Turahman; Ilham Kuncahyo; Septiawan Adi Nugroho

doi:10.14710/genres.v6i2.32000

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/genres.v6i2.32000

Optimization and Physical Quality Evaluation of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) Seed Oil Emulgel Formulated with Varying Concentrations of Tween 80 and Span 80 Using the Simple Lattice Design (SLD) Method

*Shabrina Nindya Hutami - Universitas Setia Budi, Jl. Letjen Sutoyo, Mojosongo, Kec. Jebres, Kota Surakarta, Jawa Tengah 57127, Indonesia

Taufik Turahman - Universitas Setia Budi, Indonesia

Ilham Kuncahyo - Universitas Setia Budi, Indonesia

Septiawan Adi Nugroho - Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata, Indonesia

Received: 25 Apr 2026; Revised: 12 May 2026; Accepted: 10 Jun 2026; Available online: 30 Jul 2026; Published: 29 Jul 2026.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

BibTex Citation Data :

@article{GenRes32000,
    author = {Shabrina Hutami and Taufik Turahman and Ilham Kuncahyo and Septiawan Nugroho},
    title = {Optimization and Physical Quality Evaluation of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) Seed Oil Emulgel Formulated with Varying Concentrations of Tween 80 and Span 80 Using the Simple Lattice Design (SLD) Method},
    journal = {Generics: Journal of Research in Pharmacy},
  volume = {6},
    number = {2},
    year = {2026},
    keywords = {Emulgel; Sacha inchi; Simplex Lattice Design; Span 80; Tween 80},
    abstract = { Sacha inchi ( Plukenetia volubilis  L.) seed oil is a promising bioactive ingredient for topical applications due to its high content of essential fatty acids and antioxidants; however, its hydrophobic nature limits formulation stability and performance. This study aimed to develop and optimize an emulgel delivery system using a systematic mixture design approach to enhance its physicochemical characteristics. A Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) was applied to evaluate the combined effects of Tween 80 (1-5%) and Span 80 (1-5%) on key responses, including pH, viscosity, and adhesion. Emulgel formulations were prepared using a conventional emulsification method followed by incorporation into a gel base, then evaluated accordingly. Data were analyzed using Design Expert® software and ANOVA. The results showed that all formulations met the acceptable criteria for topical application, with pH (5.40–6.30), viscosity (25.1–61.2 P), and adhesion (1.46–3.5 s). Statistical analysis revealed a significant (p < 0.05) and non-linear interaction between surfactants across all responses, indicating the critical role of compositional balance. The optimized formulation, containing 5% Tween 80 and 1% Span 80, achieved a desirability value of 1.00. Overall, the SLD approach proved effective for optimizing emulgel formulations and enhancing the potential of sacha inchi oil as a stable topical delivery system. },
   issn = {2774-9967},   pages = {301--313}  doi = {10.14710/genres.v6i2.32000},
    url = {https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/generics/article/view/32000}
}

Citation Format:

Abstract

Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seed oil is a promising bioactive ingredient for topical applications due to its high content of essential fatty acids and antioxidants; however, its hydrophobic nature limits formulation stability and performance. This study aimed to develop and optimize an emulgel delivery system using a systematic mixture design approach to enhance its physicochemical characteristics. A Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) was applied to evaluate the combined effects of Tween 80 (1-5%) and Span 80 (1-5%) on key responses, including pH, viscosity, and adhesion. Emulgel formulations were prepared using a conventional emulsification method followed by incorporation into a gel base, then evaluated accordingly. Data were analyzed using Design Expert® software and ANOVA. The results showed that all formulations met the acceptable criteria for topical application, with pH (5.40–6.30), viscosity (25.1–61.2 P), and adhesion (1.46–3.5 s). Statistical analysis revealed a significant (p < 0.05) and non-linear interaction between surfactants across all responses, indicating the critical role of compositional balance. The optimized formulation, containing 5% Tween 80 and 1% Span 80, achieved a desirability value of 1.00. Overall, the SLD approach proved effective for optimizing emulgel formulations and enhancing the potential of sacha inchi oil as a stable topical delivery system.

Fulltext View|Download Email colleagues

Keywords: Emulgel; Sacha inchi; Simplex Lattice Design; Span 80; Tween 80

Article Metrics:

Article Info

Section: Articles

Language : EN

In Vol 6, No 2 (2026): Generics : Journal of Research in Pharmacy

Abo-Neima, S.E. et al. (2024) ‘Simplex-lattice design and decision tree optimization of endophytic Trichoderma-multi-walled carbon nanotube composite for enhanced methylene blue removal’, Heliyon, 10(21). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39949
Badruddoza, A.Z.M. et al. (2024) ‘Topical drug delivery by Sepineo P600 emulgel: Relationship between rheology, physical stability, and formulation performance’, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 658, p. 124210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124210
Chandra, D. (2022) ‘Uji fisikokimia sediaan emulsi, gel, emulgel ekstrak etanol goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.)’, Jurnal Farmasi dan Kesehatan, 11(2), pp. 219–228
Dahlizar, S. et al. (2022) ‘Formulasi emulgel gamma oryzanol dengan menggunakan Carbopol sebagai gelling agent’, Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis, 9(2), pp. 129–137. https://doi.org/10.25077/jsfk.9.2.129-137.2022
Feronika, E., Rahayu, S. and Lucida, H. (2020) ‘Formulation and characterization of emulgel containing tomato’s lycopene (Solanum lycopersicum L.)’, World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9, pp. 1072–1088. https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpps202012-17646
Iriani, F.A., Dehi, R.I. and Damar, A.C. (2022) ‘Uji mutu fisik emulgel kulit kayu manis (Cinnamomum burmanii) dan kulit jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix)’, Jurnal Multidisiplin Madani, 2(10), pp. 3767–3771. https://doi.org/10.55927/mudima.v2i10.1449
Irianto, I.D.K., Purwanto, P. and Mardan, M.T. (2020) ‘Aktivitas antibakteri dan uji sifat fisik sediaan gel dekokta sirih hijau (Piper betle L.) sebagai alternatif pengobatan mastitis sapi’, Majalah Farmaseutik, 16(2), pp. 202–208. https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v16i2.53793
Jamaludin, J. (2025) ‘The Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) research trends for health’, Jurnal Eduhealth, 16, pp. 344–351. https://doi.org/10.54209/eduhealth.v16i01
Maulina, D. (2022) ‘Variasi nilai hydrophylic-lipophylic balance campuran Span 80-Tween 80 dan creaming index pada emulsi coconut oil’, Indonesian Journal of Health Science, 2(1), pp. 24–27
Maya, I. et al. (2023) ‘Physicochemical characteristics, fatty acid profile, and in vitro antioxidant activity evaluation of Sacha Inchi seed oil from Indonesia’, Cosmetics, 10(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics10060171
Ningrat, A.W.S., Setianto, A.B. and Kintoko. (2024) ‘Formulation and testing of emulgel preparations from purified fraction of papaya (Carica papaya L.) leaves as anti-acne’, Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Akademi Farmasi Jember, 7(1), pp. 36–43. https://doi.org/10.53864/jifakfar.v7i1.166
Ogedengbe, O.T. and Kolawole, O.M. (2024) ‘Formulation and evaluation of fluconazole emulgels for potential treatment of vaginal candidiasis’, Heliyon, 10(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28206
Patel, H.R. et al. (2020) ‘Emulgel: A comprehensive review for novel topical drug delivery system’, International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 11. https://doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2020.1104.5247
Primadana, P.F.I. et al. (2024) ‘Application of the simplex lattice design method to determine the optimal formula nanoemulsion with virgin coconut oil and palm oil’, Jurnal Farmasi dan Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, 11(3), pp. 395–401. https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v11i32024.395-401
Putri Immelia, R. et al. (2025) ‘Formulation and physical stability evaluation of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) oil-based body lotion as skin moisturizer’, Indonesian Journal of Health Research and Development, 3(3), pp. 102–109. https://doi.org/10.58723/ijhrd.v3i3.462
Robby, O., Gloria, F. and Saptawati, T. (2022) ‘Pengaruh variasi konsentrasi ekstrak daun kelor (Moringa oleifera Lamk) terhadap efek antiinflamasi sediaan emulgel’, Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan Suara Forikes, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.33846/sf13231
Rowe, R.C., Sheskey, P.J. and Quinn, M.E. (2009) Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. 6th edn. London: The Pharmaceutical Press
Salima, T. and Nurwaini, S. (2023) ‘Optimasi komposisi emulgator Tween 80 dan Span 80 terhadap stabilitas fisik dan uji aktivitas antibakteri emulgel minyak atsiri rosemari (Rosmarinus officinalis) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus’, Usadha: Journal of Pharmacy, 2(2)
Tanjung, Y.P., Akmal, T. and Kawu, I.T. (2025) ‘The formulation and antioxidant activity of facial serum from Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seed oil’, Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 12, pp. 104–111. https://doi.org/10.24198/ijpst.v12s2.58822
Ting, K.L. and Kumar, J.R. (2017) ‘Optimization and in-vitro characterization of erythromycin nanogels by using simplex-lattice mixture design’, Rapports De Pharmacie, 3(2), pp. 371–383
Wahyudi, L., Hajrin, W.I. and Andanalusia, M. (2023) Optimasi formula sediaan gel ekstrak metanol herba Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) dengan metode simplex lattice design. Skripsi/Tesis. Mataram: Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Mataram
Wikantyasning, E.R. and Indianie, N. (2021) ‘Optimisasi Tween 80 dan Span 80 sebagai emulgator dalam formula krim tabir surya kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun alpukat (Persea americana M.) dan nanopartikel seng oksida dengan metode simplex lattice design’, Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi
Wulandari, F., Syaputri, F.N. and Jannah, N.R. (2022) ‘The effect of various concentrations of the addition of emulsifier Tween 80 and Span 80 on the stability of cream formulation ethanolic extract of basil leaves (Ocimum americanum L.)’, Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian, 3(2)
Zai, K., Ardriyanto, M.I. and Hanifah, A.N. (2026) ‘Optimization of Myristica fragrans nanoemulgel formulation based on a low-energy method of preparation and simplex lattice design’, Natural and Life Sciences Communications, 25(3). https://doi.org/10.12982/NLSC.2026.058
Zhang, X. et al. (2022) ‘Fabrication of vitamin D3 nanoemulsions stabilized by Tween 80 and Span 80 as a composite surface-active surfactant: Characterization and stability’, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 645, p. 128873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128873

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

Authors who publish in the Generics: Journal of Research in Pharmacy retain full copyright ownership (Copyright@Author) of their work. In keeping with the journal’s commitment to open access, all articles are published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.