DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/genres.v6i2.30479

Formulasi dan Karakterisasi Patch Gingiva Natrium Diklofenak sebagai Sistem Penghantaran Obat Lokal untuk Gingivitis

*Mutia Sari Wardana orcid  -  Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan dan Teknologi, Universitas Binawan, Jakarta, Indonesia., Indonesia
Received: 14 Dec 2025; Revised: 20 Jan 2026; Accepted: 2 Jun 2026; Available online: 30 Jul 2026; Published: 29 Jul 2026.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Gingivitis merupakan inflamasi kronis yang memerlukan terapi lokal untuk meningkatkan
konsentrasi obat pada area target serta mengurangi efek samping sistemik. Patch gingiva menjadi
pilihan efektif karena mampu memperpanjang waktu tinggal dan menyediakan pelepasan obat
terkontrol. Penelitian ini mengembangkan patch natrium diklofenak berbasis sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) dan mengevaluasi pengaruh variasi konsentrasi polimer
terhadap karakteristik fisikokimia serta pelepasan difusi obat. Patch menunjukkan sifat bioadhesi
yang memadai berdasarkan uji waktu tinggal menggunakan mukosa gingiva mampu menempel
hingga ≥ 360 menit, meskipun beberapa parameter fisik seperti organoleptik khususnya warna
dan tekstur permukaan yang kasar masih perlu ditingkatkan. Peningkatan konsentrasi SCMC
terbukti meningkatkan viskositas, derajat pengembangan, dan pelepasan difusi obat. Formula F3
menunjukkan pelepasan obat tertinggi (44,79 ± 3,22%). Analisis statistik menunjukkan nilai
signifikansi ANOVA p = 0,007 (p < 0,05), mengindikasikan perbedaan bermakna antar formula
dan pengaruh nyata konsentrasi polimer terhadap profil difusi. Secara keseluruhan, konsentrasi
SCMC yang lebih tinggi menghasilkan patch dengan pelepasan obat lebih optimal untuk terapi
lokal gingivitis.

Note: This article has supplementary file(s).

Fulltext View|Download |  Cover Letter
Cover letter for editor
Subject
Type Cover Letter
  Download (18KB)    Indexing metadata
Email colleagues
Keywords: Difusi; Gingitivis; Gingival patch; Natrium diklofenak; Penghantaran obat

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Articles
Language : ID
  1. Ahmed, M.G., Harish, N.M., Charyulu, R.N. and Prabhakar, P. (2009) 'Formulation of chitosan-based ciprofloxacin and diclofenac film for periodontitis therapy', Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 8(1), pp. 33–38
  2. Aljuanid, M.A., Qaid, H.R., Lashari, D.M. et al. (2022) 'Nano-emulsion of mangosteen rind extract in a mucoadhesive patch for periodontitis regenerative treatment: An in vivo study', Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 17(5), pp. 910–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2022.03.003
  3. Alzahra, D.F. et al. (2024) 'Skin penetration of corn silk (Zea mays L.) transdermal patch on Wistar mice skin using a Franz diffusion cell', Jurnal Farmasi dan Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, 11(1), pp. 20–33. https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v11i12024.20-33
  4. Azizah, S.N. et al. (2025) 'Formulation and antibacterial activity of shallot (Allium cepa L.) peel extract patch against Streptococcus pyogenes', Jurnal Farmasi dan Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, 12(2), pp. 246–254. https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v12i22025.246-254
  5. Balasubramanian, J., Narayanan, N., Kumar, M.S., Kumar, N.V. et al. (2012) 'Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal films of diclofenac sodium', Indian Journal of Innovations and Developments, 1(2), pp. 68–73
  6. Çoban, Ö. et al. (2024) 'Formulation and evaluation of triamcinolone acetonide-loaded oral disintegrating films with different polymers via solvent casting method', Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 21(5), pp. 440–448. https://doi.org/10.4274/tjps.galenos.2023.37807
  7. Desai, K.G.H., Mallery, S.R., Holpuch, A.S. and Schwendeman, S.P. (2011) 'Development and in vitro–in vivo evaluation of fenretinide-loaded oral mucoadhesive patches for site-specific chemoprevention of oral cancer', Pharmaceutical Research, 28(10), pp. 2599–2609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-011-0489-3
  8. Diyatri, I. et al. (2023) 'Antibacterial effect of a gingival patch containing nano-emulsion of red dragon fruit peel extract on Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Fusobacterium nucleatum assessed in vitro', Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, 13(3), pp. 386–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.03.011
  9. Fuziyanti, N., Najihudin, A. and Hindun, S. (2022) 'The effect of polymer combinations PVP:EC and HPMC:EC on transdermal preparations for good patch characteristics: A review', Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia, 7(2), pp. 147–152. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.10
  10. Gunawan, S. and Kuncahyo, I. (2024) 'Optimization of diclofenac potassium transdermal patch formulation using a combination of polyvinylpyrrolidone K30, ethyl cellulose and menthol with the simplex lattice design method', Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis, 10(1), pp. 1–11. https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v9i3.8956
  11. Habib, F., Azeem, M.A., Fetih, G. and Safwat, M. (2010) 'Mucoadhesive buccal patches of lornoxicam: Development and in vitro characterization', Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assiut University, 33(1), pp. 59–68
  12. Hashemi, M., Ramezani, V., Seyedabadi, M. et al. (2017) 'Formulation and optimization of oral mucoadhesive patches of Myrtus communis using the Box–Behnken design', Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 7(3), pp. 441–450. https://doi.org/10.15171/apb.2017.053
  13. M Health Care (2005) Tegaderm Transparent Film Dressings Product Profile: Secure, Protect, Stabilize. London: 3M Company
  14. Hendradi, E., Rahayuningtyas, E. and Erawati, T. (2023) 'Effect of the polymer ratio of carboxymethyl chitosan, polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 and ethyl cellulose N22 on the physicochemical characteristics and drug release of matrix-type diclofenac potassium', Jurnal Farmasi dan Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, 10(1), pp. 54–61. https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v10i12023.54-61
  15. Jaipakdee, N., Pongjanyakul, T. and Limpongsa, E. (2018) 'Preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)–poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) mucoadhesive buccal patches for delivery of lidocaine HCl', International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 10(1), pp. 115–123. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018v10i1.23208
  16. Kandekar, U.Y., Gore, C.R., Munot, N.M. et al. (2024) 'Flaxseed mucilage/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and sodium alginate/polyvinyl alcohol composite bilayer film as a promising drug carrier for periodontal treatment', Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 21(2), pp. 141–151. https://doi.org/10.4274/tjps.galenos.2023.15945
  17. Koyi, P.K. and Khan, A.B. (2013) 'Buccal patches: A review', International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 4(1), pp. 83–89
  18. Kumar, M., Amit, S., Kumar, P., Kumar, A., Chaturvedi, M. and Bhadoria, P. (2011) 'Formulation and in vitro evaluation of periodontal films containing ofloxacin', Journal of Chronotherapy and Drug Delivery, 2(1), pp. 37–45
  19. Lall, D. and Rathore, S. (2024) 'Development and evaluation of biodegradable microneedle patches for sustained release of ondansetron: A novel approach to chemotherapy-induced nausea management', Frontiers in Health Informatics, 13(3), pp. 3388–3414
  20. Lashari, D.M. et al. (2022) 'The use of mucoadhesive oral patches containing epigallocatechin-3-gallate to treat periodontitis: An in vivo study', Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 17(6), pp. 1014–1020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2022.06.006
  21. Lohani, A., Prasad, N. and Arya, R.K.K. (2011) 'Formulation and characterization of mucoadhesive buccal films of ranitidine hydrochloride', International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2(9), pp. 2457–2462
  22. Maddeppungeng, N.M., Tahir, K.A., Nurdin, N.C. and Wahyuni, S. (2023) 'Formulasi dan evaluasi dermal patch ekstrak metanol rimpang lempuyang gajah (Zingiber zerumbet L.) sebagai antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus secara in vitro dan in vivo', Jurnal Mandala Pharmacon Indonesia, 9(2), pp. 621–631. https://doi.org/10.35311/jmpi.v9i2.425
  23. Martin, A., Swarbrick, J. and Cammarata, A. (1990) Farmasi fisik: Dasar-dasar kimia fisik dalam ilmu farmasetik. Jakarta: UI Press
  24. Mishra, A. and Ramteke, S. (2011) 'Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal film of flurbiprofen', International Journal of PharmTech Research, 3(3), pp. 1825–1830
  25. Mohamed, M.I., El-Shaboury, K.F. and Abdallah, M.A. (2024) 'Formulation and evaluation of lornoxicam mucoadhesive buccal films', Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 28(4), pp. 1152–1165. https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.797
  26. Mortazavi, S.A. and Aboofazeli, R. (2000) 'Preparation and in vitro assessment of various mucoadhesive films for buccal delivery', DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8(1), pp. 9–17
  27. Nidhi, M. et al. (2016) 'Development of transmucosal patch loaded with anesthetic and analgesic for dental procedures and in vivo evaluation', International Journal of Nanomedicine, 11, pp. 2901–2920. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S94658
  28. Priya, C., Rajkumari and Ankita, K. (2013) 'Polymer: A boon to controlled drug delivery systems', International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 4(4), pp. 28–34. https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.04405
  29. Ramadan, E., Borg, T., El Hawary, Y.M. and Saleh, N.M. (2010) 'Formulation and evaluation of metronidazole bioadhesive matrices for periodontitis', Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assiut University, 33(1), pp. 73–80
  30. Rao, N.R. and Patel, K. (2013) 'Formulation and evaluation of ropinirole buccal patches using different mucoadhesive polymers', RGUHS Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3(1), pp. 33–39. https://doi.org/10.5530/rjps.2013.1.5
  31. Sanghai, P., Nandgude, T. and Poddar, S. (2016) 'Formulation of bilayer benzydamine HCl patch targeted for gingivitis', Journal of Drug Delivery, 2016, Article ID 7598398, pp. 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7598398
  32. Santos, A.C., Matos, C., Cordeiro, R. et al. (2008) 'Assessment of the cytotoxicity of microparticles for controlled drug release in ophthalmology', Experimental Pathology and Health Sciences, 2(2), pp. 33–37
  33. Sedghi, L.M., Bacino, M. and Kapila, Y.L. (2021) 'Periodontal disease: The good, the bad, and the unknown', Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 11, Article 766944, pp. 1–26. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.766944
  34. Sweetman, S.C. (ed.) (2009) Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. 36th edn. London: Pharmaceutical Press
  35. Tiensi, A.N., Ratna, T. and Sulaiman, T.N.S. (2018) 'Formulasi patch bukal minyak atsiri daun sirih (Piper betle L.) dengan variasi kadar CMC-Na dan karbopol sebagai polimer mukoadhesif', Majalah Farmaseutik, 14(1), pp. 20–28
  36. Tüküç, T.B., Alarçin, E. and Öztürk, A.B. (2025) 'Recent progress in the development of localized drug delivery systems for oral mucosal disorders using mucoadhesive patches', Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 29(3), pp. 1350–1366. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrespharm.1712426
  37. Wardana, M.S., Ginting, D., Anggraeni, Y., Dahlizar, S. and Humaedi, A. (2026) 'Diclofenac sodium gingival patches for localized periodontitis therapy: Preparation, characterization, and in silico evaluation', Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assiut University, 49(2), pp. 179–194. https://doi.org/10.21608/bfsa.2025.423873.2748

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.