EFEKTIVITAS KEBIJAKAN PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT NELAYAN

Abstract

ABSTRAKSI

Nelayan menjadi salah satu konsen pemerintah untuk bisa diberdayakan agar menjadi lebih sejahtera, upaya itu seiring diberlakukannya Undang-Undang Nomor 7 tahun 2016 tentang Perlindungan dan Pemberdayaan Nelayan, Pembudi Daya Ikan, dan Petambak Garam. Namun, kesejahteraan nelayan hingga saat ini belum sepenuhnya berdaya secara ekonomi. Dengan demikian penelitian ini difokuskan untuk mengetahui efektivitas dan faktor-faktor penghambat dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan pemberdayaan ekonomi  masyarakat nelayan di Kelurahan Banten Kota Serang.  Metode dalam penelitian digunakan metode campuran (mixed methods) antara metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Berdasarkan strategi embedded konkuren, maka metode kualitatif dipilih sebagai metode primer yang bersifat dominan, sedangkan metode kuantitatif sebagai metode sekunder yang bersifat kurang dominan. Pengumpulan data kualitatif dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara kepada 10 informan, dan studi literatur. Sedangkan data kuantitatif dilakukan dengan cara menyebarkan angket kepada kelompok nelayan  dengan jumlah 40  responden nelayan. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis data kualitatif, sedangkan data kuantitatif berupa statistik deskriptif yang mendukung analisis penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa efektivitas kebijakan pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat nelayan di Kelurahan Banten, belum terlaksana efektif. Hal ini berdasarkan indikator pencapaian tujuan kebijakan, dan aspek kurun waktu pencapaiannya kurang jelas penentuannya. Dalam tahapan sosialisasi program kepada nelayan masih kurang dipahami oleh nelayan, sasaran program yang merupakan target kongkrit belum sepenuhnya merata di mana masih banyak nelayan yang belum mendapatkan program pemberdayaan. Adapun faktor penghmbatnya seperti adanya kebijakan refocusing anggaran di masa pandemi Covid-19, belum adanya lembaga pemberian modal khusus nelayan, tidak ada kepastian waktu dalam proses pelaksnaan program seperti pengajuan proposal dan banyaknya nelayan yang terikat utang dengan tengkulak.

Kata Kunci: Efektivitas Kebijakan, Pemberdayaan Ekonomi, Masyarakat  

 Nelayan

ABSTRACT

Fishermen are one of the government's concerns to be empowered to become more prosperous, this effort is in line with the enactment of Law Number 7 of 2016 concerning the Protection and Empowerment of Fishermen, Fish Cultivators and Salt Farmers. However, the welfare of fishermen until now has not been fully empowered economically. Thus, this research is focused on knowing the effectiveness and inhibiting factors in the implementation of economic empowerment policies for fishing communities in Banten Village, Serang City. The method in this study used mixed methods between qualitative and quantitative methods. Based on the concurrent embedded strategy, the qualitative method is chosen as the primary method which is dominant, while the quantitative method is the secondary method which is less dominant. Qualitative data was collected by means of observation, interviews with 10 informants, and literature study. While quantitative data is done by distributing questionnaires to groups of fishermen with a total of 40 fishermen respondents. Data analysis in this study was conducted using qualitative data analysis, while quantitative data in the form of descriptive statistics that support research analysis. The results of the study indicate that the effectiveness of the economic empowerment policy of fishing communities in Banten Village has not been implemented effectively. This is based on indicators of achievement of policy objectives, and the aspect of the period of achievement is not clearly defined. In the stage of socialization of the program to fishermen, fishermen are still poorly understood, the program targets which are concrete targets are not fully evenly distributed where there are still many fishermen who have not received empowerment programs. As for the inhibiting factors, such as the policy of refocusing the budget during the Covid-19 pandemic, the absence of an institution for providing capital specifically for fishermen, there is no certainty of time in the program implementation process such as submitting proposals and the number of fishermen who are in debt with middlemen.

Keywords: Policy Effectiveness, Economic Empowerment, Fishing Community