DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/baf.11.2.2026.%25p

Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Profil Senyawa Kimia Ekstrak Etanol Kerang Darah (Anadara granosa) dan Kerang Balelo (Conomurex luhuanus) Asal Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar

Program Studi Biologi,Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam,Universitas Negeri Makassar,Jl. Dg. Tata Raya, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2026 Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

Stres oksidatif akibat ketidakseimbangan antara produksi senyawa radikal bebas dan kapasitas pertahanan antioksidan endogen memicu kerusakan oksidatif pada biomolekul esensial, sehingga eksplorasi agen antioksidan alami dari biota laut terus dikembangkan. Penelitian terkait profil metabolit volatil dan aktivitas peredaman radikal bebas pada moluska komersial lokal Indonesia Timur, khususnya kerang darah (Anadara granosa) dan kerang balelo (Conomurex luhuanus) asal Kepulauan Selayar, masih sangat terbatas. Riset ini bertujuan mengevaluasi dan membandingkan komposisi kimiawi menggunakan instrumen Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) serta menentukan kapasitas antioksidan melalui metode 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Sampel daging segar diekstraksi melalui maserasi bertingkat menggunakan etanol 96% selama 3 x 24 jam. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan rendemen ekstrak kerang darah sebesar 6,00% dan kerang balelo sebesar 5,00%. Analisis kromatografi gas mendeteksi keberadaan 71 puncak pada kerang darah dengan konstituen dominan berupa ethyl α-D-glucopyranoside (8,54%), sedangkan pada kerang balelo terdeteksi 50 puncak kromatogram yang didominasi oleh senyawa N,N-dimethyl-hexylamine (28,05%). Uji peredaman DPPH menghasilkan nilai IC50 sebesar 375,05 ppm untuk ekstrak kerang darah dan 556,99 ppm untuk ekstrak kerang balelo, yang keduanya tergolong ke dalam kategori kapasitas antioksidan sangat lemah. Rendahnya aktivitas ini berkolerasi langsung dengan ketiadaan cincin aromatik berhidroksil fenolik bebas pada komponen dominan kedua ekstrak. Penelitian lanjutan disarankan melakukan ekstraksi fraksinasi bertingkat menggunakan pelarut dengan polaritas berbeda, isolasi fraksi peptida bioaktif terlarut, serta uji antioksidan komparatif menggunakan metode ABTS dan FRAP guna mengonfirmasi potensi terapeutik moluska tersebut.

 

Oxidative stress resulting from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species generation and endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms causes severe macromolecular degradation, accelerating the global bioprospecting of marine natural products. Comparative empirical data regarding volatile metabolites and radical scavenging activities of commercially harvested mollusks from Eastern Indonesia, specifically blood clams (Anadara granosa) and balelo clams (Conomurex luhuanus) inhabiting the Selayar Islands, remain scarce. This study aimed to quantitatively characterize and compare the chemical composition profiles using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and evaluate the in vitro antioxidant capacity via the DPPH assay. Homogenized wet soft tissues were extracted through repeated maceration with 96% ethanol over 3 x 24 hours. The extraction yields were 6.00% for blood clams and 5.00% for balelo clams. GC-MS analysis resolved 71 chromatographic peaks in blood clam extracts, predominantly represented by ethyl α-D-glucopyranoside (8.54%), whereas 50 peaks were identified in balelo clams, dominated by N,N-dimethyl-hexylamine (28.05%). Radical scavenging assays revealed IC50 values of 375.05 ppm and 556.99 ppm for blood clams and balelo clams, respectively, both falling within the very weak antioxidant category. This low capacity is primarily attributed to the structural absence of free electron-donating phenolic hydroxyl groups in major volatile fractions. Future investigations should incorporate multi-solvent polarity fractionation, water-soluble bioactive peptide isolation, and complementary antioxidant profiling using ABTS and FRAP assays to thoroughly validate the therapeutic potential of these marine mollusks.

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Keywords: Bivalvia; Gastropoda; Metabolit sekunder; Radikal bebas, IC50

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