Family Vulnerability and Children’ Nutritional Status  during COVID-19 Pandemic

Andi Mukramin Yusuf; Dhihram Tenrisau; Healthy Hidayanti; Abdul Haris Ibrahim; Ardiansyah Bahar; Sarifudin Sarifudin; Yoesrianto Tahir; Adhyanti Adhyanti; Elma Alfiah

doi:10.14710/jphtcr.v5i2.13758

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jphtcr.v5i2.13758

Family Vulnerability and Children’ Nutritional Status during COVID-19 Pandemic

*Andi Mukramin Yusuf - Nutrition Study Program, Universitas Al-Azhar Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, Indonesia

Dhihram Tenrisau - Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia, Indonesia

Healthy Hidayanti - Public Health Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia, Indonesia

Abdul Haris Ibrahim - School of Information and School of Public Health, University of Michigan, United States, United States

Ardiansyah Bahar - Health Development and Policy Institute (LK2PK), Indonesia, Indonesia

Sarifudin Sarifudin - Health Development and Policy Institute (LK2PK), Indonesia, Indonesia

Yoesrianto Tahir - Health Development and Policy Institute (LK2PK), Indonesia, Indonesia

Adhyanti Adhyanti - Health Polytechnic of Palu, Palu, Indonesia, Indonesia

Elma Alfiah - Universitas Al-Azhar Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, Indonesia

BibTex Citation Data :

@article{JPHTCR13758,
    author = {Andi Mukramin Yusuf and Dhihram Tenrisau and Healthy Hidayanti and Abdul Haris Ibrahim and Ardiansyah Bahar and Sarifudin Sarifudin and Yoesrianto Tahir and Adhyanti Adhyanti and Elma Alfiah},
    title = {Family Vulnerability and Children’ Nutritional Status  during COVID-19 Pandemic},
    journal = {Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region},
  volume = {5},
    number = {2},
    year = {2022},
    keywords = {COVID-19; job loss; nutritional status; nutrition; poverty line;  wasting},
    abstract = {  Introduction:  COVID-19 infected millions of people and became the main mortality worldwide. COVID-19 also affected other health problems, including nutritional problems. This study aimed to find the factors that affected the nutritional and socio-economic status during the COVID-19 pandemic in a neighborhood of DKI Jakarta.   Methods:  This study utilized a cross-sectional design. Total sampling method on all families who had children in the 9 th  Neighborhood, Cawang Sub-District, DKI Jakarta was used. A total of 72 families were involved in this study, and the informants of this study were mothers of under five children. This study utilized a modified questionnaire from the Indonesian National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) and the Indonesian Nutritional Status Study (SSGI). This study utilized bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.   Results:  From all of 72 families with children, it was found that eight children were wasting. The Job-Loss ( PHK ) has an OR of 37.8 (95%CI: 5.87-748.53; p=0.001), while below poverty line had an OR of 14.24 (95%CI: 3.55-170.35; p=0.004) to be wasted. The multivariate analysis had included covariates such as parental occupation, parental education, and  antenatal care  (ANC). Job-Loss and Below Poverty Line were the main factors in increasing the risk of malnutrition cases after controlled by covariates.      Conclusion : The decrease in socio-economic status of a family during the pandemic, increased the risk of wasted children. Improvements in policy interventions and socio-economic aids are necessary to improve the nutritional status of under five children in the lower-middle class during the COVID-19 pandemic. },
   issn = {2597-4378},   pages = {74--82}  doi = {10.14710/jphtcr.v5i2.13758},
    url = {https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/jphtr/article/view/13758}
}

Citation Format:

Abstract

Introduction: COVID-19 infected millions of people and became the main mortality worldwide. COVID-19 also affected other health problems, including nutritional problems. This study aimed to find the factors that affected the nutritional and socio-economic status during the COVID-19 pandemic in a neighborhood of DKI Jakarta.

Methods: This study utilized a cross-sectional design. Total sampling method on all families who had children in the 9^th Neighborhood, Cawang Sub-District, DKI Jakarta was used. A total of 72 families were involved in this study, and the informants of this study were mothers of under five children. This study utilized a modified questionnaire from the Indonesian National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) and the Indonesian Nutritional Status Study (SSGI). This study utilized bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results: From all of 72 families with children, it was found that eight children were wasting. The Job-Loss (PHK) has an OR of 37.8 (95%CI: 5.87-748.53; p=0.001), while below poverty line had an OR of 14.24 (95%CI: 3.55-170.35; p=0.004) to be wasted. The multivariate analysis had included covariates such as parental occupation, parental education, and antenatal care (ANC). Job-Loss and Below Poverty Line were the main factors in increasing the risk of malnutrition cases after controlled by covariates.

Conclusion: The decrease in socio-economic status of a family during the pandemic, increased the risk of wasted children. Improvements in policy interventions and socio-economic aids are necessary to improve the nutritional status of under five children in the lower-middle class during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Fulltext View|Download

Keywords: COVID-19; job loss; nutritional status; nutrition; poverty line; wasting

Article Metrics:

Article Info

Section: Articles

Language : EN

In Vol 5, No 2 (2022): Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region

Recent articles

Healthcare Students' Knowledge and Distrust of COVID-19 Conspiracy Theories Family Vulnerability and Children’ Nutritional Status during COVID-19 Pandemic A Preliminary Study of Ocimum basilicum Essential Oil as a Repellent against Aedes aegypti in Surabaya More recent articles

World Health Organization. Situation by Region, Country, Territory & Area. 2021. Available from: https://covid19.who.int/table. Accessed 23 May 2021
Vu THT, Rydland KJ, Achenbach CJ, Van Horn L, Cornelis MC. Dietary behaviors and incident COVID-19 in the uk biobank. Nutrients. 2021;13(6):1–12
Suryahadi A, al Izzati R, Yumna A. The Impact of Covid-19 and Social Protection Programs on Poverty in Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies. 2021 Sep 2;57(3):267–96
The United Nations Children’s Fund-Ministry of Finance. Policy Brief: the Impact of the COVID-19 Economic Crisis on Child Poverty and Mobility in Indonesia. 2021. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/coronavirus/reports/policy-brief-covid-19-impact-poverty-mobility-indonesia. Accessed 14 Mar 2022
Ananta A, Moeis AIA, Widianto HT, Yulianto H, Arifin EN. Pension and Active Ageing: Lessons Learned from Civil Servants in Indonesia. Social Sciences. 2021 Nov 15;10(11):436
Central Statistics Agency (BPS). Below Poverty Line According Provinces and Regions 2020-2021. Available from: https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/23/195/1/garis-kemiskinan-rupiah-kapita-bulan-menurut-provinsi-dan-daerah-.html
World Health Organization (WHO). Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. 2004
Penn State University. Logistic Regression. Available from: https://online.stat.psu.edu/stat462/node/207/
Niles MT, Bertmann F, Belarmino EH, Wentworth T, Biehl E, Neff R. The Early Food Insecurity Impacts of COVID-19. Nutrients. 2020 Jul 15;12(7):2096
Huizar MI, Arena R, Laddu DR. The global food syndemic: The impact of food insecurity, Malnutrition and obesity on the healthspan amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 2021 Jan;64:105–7
Lauren BN, Silver ER, Faye AS, Rogers AM, Woo-Baidal JA, Ozanne EM, et al. Predictors of households at risk for food insecurity in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Health Nutrition. 2021 Aug 27;24(12):3929–36
Bahatheg RO. Young Children’s Nutrition During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: A Comparative Study. Early Childhood Education Journal. 2021 Sep 28;49(5):915–23
Wolfson JA, Leung CW. Food Insecurity During COVID-19: An Acute Crisis With Long-Term Health Implications. American Journal of Public Health. 2020 Dec;110(12):1763–5
Singh DR, Sunuwar DR, Shah SK, Sah LK, Karki K, Sah RK. Food insecurity during COVID-19 pandemic: A genuine concern for people from disadvantaged community and low-income families in Province 2 of Nepal. Atiqul Haq SM, editor. PLOS ONE. 2021 Jul 21;16(7):e0254954
Shahzad MA, Qing P, Rizwan M, Razzaq A, Faisal M. COVID-19 Pandemic, Determinants of Food Insecurity, and Household Mitigation Measures: A Case Study of Punjab, Pakistan. Healthcare. 2021 May 22;9(6):621
Elsahoryi N, Al-Sayyed H, Odeh M, McGrattan A, Hammad F. Effect of Covid-19 on food security: A cross-sectional survey. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. 2020 Dec;40:171–8
Jayatissa R, Herath HP, Perera AG, Dayaratne TT, De Alwis ND, Nanayakkara HPLK. Impact of COVID-19 on child malnutrition, obesity in women and household food insecurity in underserved urban settlements in Sri Lanka: a prospective follow-up study. Public Health Nutrition. 2021 Aug 27;24(11):3233–41
Food Insecurity. Public Health Reports. 2016 Sep 24;131(5):655–7
Beal T, Tumilowicz A, Sutrisna A, Izwardy D, Neufeld LM. A review of child stunting determinants in Indonesia. Maternal & Child Nutrition. 2018 Oct 17;14(4):e12617
Titaley CR, Ariawan I, Hapsari D, Muasyaroh A, Dibley MJ. Determinants of the Stunting of Children Under Two Years Old in Indonesia: A Multilevel Analysis of the 2013 Indonesia Basic Health Survey. Nutrients. 2019 May 18;11(5):1106
Erokhin V, Gao T. Impacts of COVID-19 on Trade and Economic Aspects of Food Security: Evidence from 45 Developing Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020 Aug 10;17(16):5775
Central Statistics Agency (BPS). Labour and Employment Condition of Indonesia. 2021. Available from: https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2020/06/19/43f6d15bcc31f4170a89e571/keadaan-pekerja-di-indonesia-februari-2020.html. Accessed 15 Dec 2021
Antipova A. Analysis of the COVID-19 impacts on employment and unemployment across the multi-dimensional social disadvantaged areas. Social Sciences & Humanities Open. 2021;4(1):100224
Roy S, Dutta R, Ghosh P. Identifying key indicators of job loss trends during COVID-19 and beyond. Social Sciences & Humanities Open. 2021;4(1):100163
Fang D, Thomsen MR, Nayga RM, Yang W. Food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from a survey of low-income Americans. Food Security. 2021 Jul 7;
Smed S, Tetens I, Bøker Lund T, Holm L, Ljungdalh Nielsen A. The consequences of unemployment on diet composition and purchase behaviour: a longitudinal study from Denmark. Public Health Nutrition. 2018 Feb 8;21(03):580–92
Iftikhar A, Bari A, Bano I, Masood Q. Impact of maternal education, employment and family size on nutritional status of children. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2017 Nov 15;33(6)
Liu J, Sun J, Huang J, Huo J. Prevalence of Malnutrition and Associated Factors of Stunting among 6–23-Month-Old Infants in Central Rural China in 2019. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021 Aug 2;18(15):8165
Vaivada T, Akseer N, Akseer S, Somaskandan A, Stefopulos M, Bhutta ZA. Stunting in childhood: an overview of global burden, trends, determinants, and drivers of decline. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2020 Sep 14;112 Suppl 2:777S-791S
Han S, Roy PK, Hossain MI, Byun K-H, Choi C, Ha S-D. COVID-19 pandemic crisis and food safety: Implications and inactivation strategies. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2021 Mar;109:25–36
Ma NL, Peng W, Soon CF, Noor Hassim MF, Misbah S, Rahmat Z, et al. Covid-19 pandemic in the lens of food safety and security. Environmental Research. 2021 Feb;193:110405
Laborde D, Martin W, Swinnen J, Vos R. COVID-19 risks to global food security. Science. 2020 Jul 31;369(6503):500–2
Sagala S, Azhari D, Rosyidie A, Annisa SN, Ramadhani AK, Vicri RN, et al. COVID-19 in Indonesia: An Analysis of DKI Jakarta’s COVID-19 Pandemic Response and Its Governance During the New Normal Period. In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Social Science, Humanity, and Public Health (ICOSHIP 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press; 2021
Wicaksana Prakasa SU, Hariri A, Nuriyah I, Asis A, Salam I. Social aid of Covid-19 corruption: strategy and mitigation policy of Muhammadiyah East Java. Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum. 2021 Feb 2;29(1):27–45
Rulandari N, Natision A, Esien EB, Kesmawan AP. The Policy Implementation Of Social Ministry’s Cash Assistance Program During The Covid-19 Pandemic In Jakarta. Journal of Governance and Public Policy. 2022 Jan 31;9(1):48-61
Anwar F, Khomsan A, Sukandar D, Riyadi H, Mudjajanto ES. High participation in the Posyandu nutrition program improved children nutritional status. Nutrition Research and Practice. 2010;4(3):208

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Starting in 2021, the author(s) whose article is published in the JPHTCR journal attain the copyright for their article. By submitting the manuscript to JPHTCR, the author(s) agree with this policy. No special document approval is required.

The author(s) guarantee that their article is original, written by the mentioned author(s), has never been published before, does not contain statements that violate the law, does not violate the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is held exclusively by the author(s), and is free from the rights of third parties, and that the necessary written permission to quote from other sources has been obtained by the author(s).

The author(s) retain all rights to the published work, such as (but not limited to) the following rights:

Copyright and other proprietary rights related to articles, such as patents,
The right to use the substance of the article in its own future works, including lectures and books,
The right to reproduce articles for its own purposes,
The right to archive articles yourself (please read our deposit policy), and
The right to enter into separate additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of published versions of articles (for example, posting them to institutional repositories or publishing them in a book), with acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal (Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region).
If the article was prepared jointly by more than one author, each author submitting the manuscript warrants that they have been given permission by all co-authors to agree to copyright and license notices (agreements) on their behalf, and agree to notify the co-authors of the terms of this policy. JPHTCR will not be held responsible for anything that may arise because of the writer's internal dispute. JPHTCR will only communicate with correspondence authors.

Authors should also understand that once published, their articles (and any additional files, including data sets, and analysis/computation data) will become publicly available. The license of published articles (and additional data) will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently featured on the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. JPHTCR allows users to copy, distribute, display and perform work under license. Users need to attribute the author(s) and JPHTCR to distribute works in journals and other publication media. Unless otherwise stated, the author(s) is a public entity as soon as the article is published.