Family Vulnerability and Children’ Nutritional Status  during COVID-19 Pandemic

Andi Mukramin Yusuf; Dhihram Tenrisau; Healthy Hidayanti; Abdul Haris Ibrahim; Ardiansyah Bahar; Sarifudin Sarifudin; Yoesrianto Tahir; Adhyanti Adhyanti; Elma Alfiah

doi:10.14710/jphtcr.v5i2.13758

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jphtcr.v5i2.13758

Family Vulnerability and Children’ Nutritional Status during COVID-19 Pandemic

Andi Mukramin Yusuf¹ , Dhihram Tenrisau², Healthy Hidayanti³, Abdul Haris Ibrahim⁴, Ardiansyah Bahar⁵, Sarifudin Sarifudin⁵, Yoesrianto Tahir⁵, Adhyanti Adhyanti⁶, Elma Alfiah⁷

¹Nutrition Study Program, Universitas Al-Azhar Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

²Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia

³Public Health Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia

⁴ School of Information and School of Public Health, University of Michigan, United States, United States

⁵ Institut Pembangunan dan Kebijakan Kesehatan (LK2PK), Indonesia, Indonesia

⁶ Politeknik Kesehatan Palu, Palu, Indonesia, Indonesia

⁷ Universitas Al-Azhar Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

View all affiliations

Received: 1 Mar 2022; Published: 31 Aug 2022.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

BibTex Citation Data :

@article{JPHTCR13758,
    author = {Andi Mukramin Yusuf and Dhihram Tenrisau and Healthy Hidayanti and Abdul Haris Ibrahim and Ardiansyah Bahar and Sarifudin Sarifudin and Yoesrianto Tahir and Adhyanti Adhyanti and Elma Alfiah},
    title = {Family Vulnerability and Children’ Nutritional Status  during COVID-19 Pandemic},
    journal = {Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region},
  volume = {5},
    number = {2},
    year = {2022},
    keywords = {COVID-19; job loss; nutritional status; nutrition; poverty line;  wasting},
    abstract = {  Introduction:  COVID-19 infected millions of people and became the main mortality worldwide. COVID-19 also affected other health problems, including nutritional problems. This study aimed to find the factors that affected the nutritional and socio-economic status during the COVID-19 pandemic in a neighborhood of DKI Jakarta.   Methods:  This study utilized a cross-sectional design. Total sampling method on all families who had children in the 9 th  Neighborhood, Cawang Sub-District, DKI Jakarta was used. A total of 72 families were involved in this study, and the informants of this study were mothers of under five children. This study utilized a modified questionnaire from the Indonesian National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) and the Indonesian Nutritional Status Study (SSGI). This study utilized bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.   Results:  From all of 72 families with children, it was found that eight children were wasting. The Job-Loss ( PHK ) has an OR of 37.8 (95%CI: 5.87-748.53; p=0.001), while below poverty line had an OR of 14.24 (95%CI: 3.55-170.35; p=0.004) to be wasted. The multivariate analysis had included covariates such as parental occupation, parental education, and  antenatal care  (ANC). Job-Loss and Below Poverty Line were the main factors in increasing the risk of malnutrition cases after controlled by covariates.      Conclusion : The decrease in socio-economic status of a family during the pandemic, increased the risk of wasted children. Improvements in policy interventions and socio-economic aids are necessary to improve the nutritional status of under five children in the lower-middle class during the COVID-19 pandemic. },
   issn = {2597-4378},   pages = {74--82}  doi = {10.14710/jphtcr.v5i2.13758},
    url = {https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/jphtr/article/view/13758}
}

Citation Format:

Abstract

Introduction: COVID-19 infected millions of people and became the main mortality worldwide. COVID-19 also affected other health problems, including nutritional problems. This study aimed to find the factors that affected the nutritional and socio-economic status during the COVID-19 pandemic in a neighborhood of DKI Jakarta.

Methods: This study utilized a cross-sectional design. Total sampling method on all families who had children in the 9^th Neighborhood, Cawang Sub-District, DKI Jakarta was used. A total of 72 families were involved in this study, and the informants of this study were mothers of under five children. This study utilized a modified questionnaire from the Indonesian National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) and the Indonesian Nutritional Status Study (SSGI). This study utilized bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results: From all of 72 families with children, it was found that eight children were wasting. The Job-Loss (PHK) has an OR of 37.8 (95%CI: 5.87-748.53; p=0.001), while below poverty line had an OR of 14.24 (95%CI: 3.55-170.35; p=0.004) to be wasted. The multivariate analysis had included covariates such as parental occupation, parental education, and antenatal care (ANC). Job-Loss and Below Poverty Line were the main factors in increasing the risk of malnutrition cases after controlled by covariates.

Conclusion: The decrease in socio-economic status of a family during the pandemic, increased the risk of wasted children. Improvements in policy interventions and socio-economic aids are necessary to improve the nutritional status of under five children in the lower-middle class during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Fulltext View|Download

Keywords: COVID-19; job loss; nutritional status; nutrition; poverty line; wasting

Article Metrics:

Article Info

Section: Articles

Language : EN

In Vol 5, No 2 (2022): Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region

Recent articles

Covid-19 Epidemiology in Madura: Public Behaviors’ Compliance to Goverment Policy Risk Factors of Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Incidence (Non-Covid-19): A Case Study in the Work Area of the Sukorejo Primary Healthcare Center, Pacitan Regency Healthcare Students' Knowledge and Distrust of COVID-19 Conspiracy Theories More recent articles

World Health Organization. Situation by Region, Country, Territory & Area. 2021. Available from: https://covid19.who.int/table. Accessed 23 May 2021
Vu THT, Rydland KJ, Achenbach CJ, Van Horn L, Cornelis MC. Dietary behaviors and incident COVID-19 in the uk biobank. Nutrients. 2021;13(6):1–12
Suryahadi A, al Izzati R, Yumna A. The Impact of Covid-19 and Social Protection Programs on Poverty in Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies. 2021 Sep 2;57(3):267–96
The United Nations Children’s Fund-Ministry of Finance. Policy Brief: the Impact of the COVID-19 Economic Crisis on Child Poverty and Mobility in Indonesia. 2021. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/coronavirus/reports/policy-brief-covid-19-impact-poverty-mobility-indonesia. Accessed 14 Mar 2022
Ananta A, Moeis AIA, Widianto HT, Yulianto H, Arifin EN. Pension and Active Ageing: Lessons Learned from Civil Servants in Indonesia. Social Sciences. 2021 Nov 15;10(11):436
Central Statistics Agency (BPS). Below Poverty Line According Provinces and Regions 2020-2021. Available from: https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/23/195/1/garis-kemiskinan-rupiah-kapita-bulan-menurut-provinsi-dan-daerah-.html
World Health Organization (WHO). Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. 2004
Penn State University. Logistic Regression. Available from: https://online.stat.psu.edu/stat462/node/207/
Niles MT, Bertmann F, Belarmino EH, Wentworth T, Biehl E, Neff R. The Early Food Insecurity Impacts of COVID-19. Nutrients. 2020 Jul 15;12(7):2096
Huizar MI, Arena R, Laddu DR. The global food syndemic: The impact of food insecurity, Malnutrition and obesity on the healthspan amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 2021 Jan;64:105–7
Lauren BN, Silver ER, Faye AS, Rogers AM, Woo-Baidal JA, Ozanne EM, et al. Predictors of households at risk for food insecurity in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Health Nutrition. 2021 Aug 27;24(12):3929–36
Bahatheg RO. Young Children’s Nutrition During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: A Comparative Study. Early Childhood Education Journal. 2021 Sep 28;49(5):915–23
Wolfson JA, Leung CW. Food Insecurity During COVID-19: An Acute Crisis With Long-Term Health Implications. American Journal of Public Health. 2020 Dec;110(12):1763–5
Singh DR, Sunuwar DR, Shah SK, Sah LK, Karki K, Sah RK. Food insecurity during COVID-19 pandemic: A genuine concern for people from disadvantaged community and low-income families in Province 2 of Nepal. Atiqul Haq SM, editor. PLOS ONE. 2021 Jul 21;16(7):e0254954
Shahzad MA, Qing P, Rizwan M, Razzaq A, Faisal M. COVID-19 Pandemic, Determinants of Food Insecurity, and Household Mitigation Measures: A Case Study of Punjab, Pakistan. Healthcare. 2021 May 22;9(6):621
Elsahoryi N, Al-Sayyed H, Odeh M, McGrattan A, Hammad F. Effect of Covid-19 on food security: A cross-sectional survey. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. 2020 Dec;40:171–8
Jayatissa R, Herath HP, Perera AG, Dayaratne TT, De Alwis ND, Nanayakkara HPLK. Impact of COVID-19 on child malnutrition, obesity in women and household food insecurity in underserved urban settlements in Sri Lanka: a prospective follow-up study. Public Health Nutrition. 2021 Aug 27;24(11):3233–41
Food Insecurity. Public Health Reports. 2016 Sep 24;131(5):655–7
Beal T, Tumilowicz A, Sutrisna A, Izwardy D, Neufeld LM. A review of child stunting determinants in Indonesia. Maternal & Child Nutrition. 2018 Oct 17;14(4):e12617
Titaley CR, Ariawan I, Hapsari D, Muasyaroh A, Dibley MJ. Determinants of the Stunting of Children Under Two Years Old in Indonesia: A Multilevel Analysis of the 2013 Indonesia Basic Health Survey. Nutrients. 2019 May 18;11(5):1106
Erokhin V, Gao T. Impacts of COVID-19 on Trade and Economic Aspects of Food Security: Evidence from 45 Developing Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020 Aug 10;17(16):5775
Central Statistics Agency (BPS). Labour and Employment Condition of Indonesia. 2021. Available from: https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2020/06/19/43f6d15bcc31f4170a89e571/keadaan-pekerja-di-indonesia-februari-2020.html. Accessed 15 Dec 2021
Antipova A. Analysis of the COVID-19 impacts on employment and unemployment across the multi-dimensional social disadvantaged areas. Social Sciences & Humanities Open. 2021;4(1):100224
Roy S, Dutta R, Ghosh P. Identifying key indicators of job loss trends during COVID-19 and beyond. Social Sciences & Humanities Open. 2021;4(1):100163
Fang D, Thomsen MR, Nayga RM, Yang W. Food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from a survey of low-income Americans. Food Security. 2021 Jul 7;
Smed S, Tetens I, Bøker Lund T, Holm L, Ljungdalh Nielsen A. The consequences of unemployment on diet composition and purchase behaviour: a longitudinal study from Denmark. Public Health Nutrition. 2018 Feb 8;21(03):580–92
Iftikhar A, Bari A, Bano I, Masood Q. Impact of maternal education, employment and family size on nutritional status of children. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2017 Nov 15;33(6)
Liu J, Sun J, Huang J, Huo J. Prevalence of Malnutrition and Associated Factors of Stunting among 6–23-Month-Old Infants in Central Rural China in 2019. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021 Aug 2;18(15):8165
Vaivada T, Akseer N, Akseer S, Somaskandan A, Stefopulos M, Bhutta ZA. Stunting in childhood: an overview of global burden, trends, determinants, and drivers of decline. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2020 Sep 14;112 Suppl 2:777S-791S
Han S, Roy PK, Hossain MI, Byun K-H, Choi C, Ha S-D. COVID-19 pandemic crisis and food safety: Implications and inactivation strategies. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2021 Mar;109:25–36
Ma NL, Peng W, Soon CF, Noor Hassim MF, Misbah S, Rahmat Z, et al. Covid-19 pandemic in the lens of food safety and security. Environmental Research. 2021 Feb;193:110405
Laborde D, Martin W, Swinnen J, Vos R. COVID-19 risks to global food security. Science. 2020 Jul 31;369(6503):500–2
Sagala S, Azhari D, Rosyidie A, Annisa SN, Ramadhani AK, Vicri RN, et al. COVID-19 in Indonesia: An Analysis of DKI Jakarta’s COVID-19 Pandemic Response and Its Governance During the New Normal Period. In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Social Science, Humanity, and Public Health (ICOSHIP 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press; 2021
Wicaksana Prakasa SU, Hariri A, Nuriyah I, Asis A, Salam I. Social aid of Covid-19 corruption: strategy and mitigation policy of Muhammadiyah East Java. Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum. 2021 Feb 2;29(1):27–45
Rulandari N, Natision A, Esien EB, Kesmawan AP. The Policy Implementation Of Social Ministry’s Cash Assistance Program During The Covid-19 Pandemic In Jakarta. Journal of Governance and Public Policy. 2022 Jan 31;9(1):48-61
Anwar F, Khomsan A, Sukandar D, Riyadi H, Mudjajanto ES. High participation in the Posyandu nutrition program improved children nutritional status. Nutrition Research and Practice. 2010;4(3):208

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

In order to be accepted and published by Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region, the author (s) who submit a manuscript should complete the review process. Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region articles are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0). Articles can be read, shared, and adapted even for commercial purposes under the following conditions:

Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

The copyright of received articles is assigned to the author (s). The author (s) have the right to the articles that have been published. The Editorial Team of Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region and the Author(s) strive to ensure that no errors occur in the articles that have been published, both data errors and statements in the articles. Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
The journal allows the authors to hold the copyright and retain publishing rights without restrictions.
Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during submission, as it can lead to productive exchanges and earlier and greater citation of published work.