Inokulasi berbagai spesies cendawan mikoriza arbuskular (CMA) terhadap pertumbuhan dan kemampuan akumulasi logam Pb pada tanaman marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/joac.4.1.60-68
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This research aimed to indentify the impact of single species (G. fasciculatum, Acaulospora sp., G. etunicatum), double species, and multi-species AMF inoculation for plant growth and Pb accumulation ability of marigold plant. The research used monofactor randomized complete design with eight treatments and three replications.The treatments were M0. Control, M1. G. fasciculatum, M2. Acaulospora sp., M3. G. etunicatum, M4. G. fasciculatum + Acaulospora sp., M5. G. fasciculatum + G. etunicatum, M6. Acaulospora sp. + G. etunicatum, dan M7. G. fasciculatum + Acaulospora sp. + G. etunicatum. The parameters observed were plant height, number of branches, BCF, TF, and final concentration of Pb. Data analyzed using anova and followed by DMRT at α = 5%. The result indicated that AMF inoculation had significantly impact to the plant growth of marigold, BCF value, and Pb final concentration, but had no impact to the TF value. Inoculation of G. fasciculatum(M1) showed the highest plant growth of marigold. Inoculation of G. fasciculatum + Acaulospora sp. + G. Etunicatum(M7)showed the highest ability of Pb accumulation (BCF) and the lowest Pb final concentration in growing media. Based on BCF and TF values, the mechanism of Pb accumulation by marigold is phytoextraction.
Keywords: Marigold, Pb, G. fasciculatum, Acaulospora sp., G. etunicatum.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh inokulasi CMA tunggal (G. fasciculatum, Acaulospora sp., G. etunicatum), ganda, dan multi-spesies terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman dan kemampuan akumulasi Pb pada marigold. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) monofaktor dengan delapan perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah M0. Kontrol, M1. G. fasciculatum, M2. Acaulospora sp., M3. G. etunicatum, M4. G. fasciculatum + Acaulospora sp., M5. G. fasciculatum + G. etunicatum, M6. Acaulospora sp. + G. etunicatum, dan M7. G. fasciculatum + Acaulospora sp. + G. etunicatum. Parameter penelitian meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, TF, BCF, dan konsentrasi Pb akhir media tanam. Data dianalisis ragam dan dilanjutkan uji jarak berganda Duncan pada taraf α = 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan inokulasi berbagai spesies CMA berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman, nilai BCF, dan kadar Pb akhir media tanam, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai TF. Inokulasi G. fasciculatum(M1)memberikan pertumbuhan tanaman marigold tertinggi. InokulasiG. fasciculatum + Acaulospora sp, dan G. etunicatum(M7) menunjukkan kemampuan akumulasi Pb (BCF) tertinggi dan kadar Pb akhir media tanam terendah. Berdasarkan nilai BCF dan TF, mekanisme tanaman marigold dalam mengakumulasi logam Pb adalah fitoekstraksi.
Kata kunci : Marigold, Pb, G. fasciculatum, Acaulospora sp., G. etunicatum.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Aprilia, D. D. dan K. I. Purwani. 2013. Pengaruh pemberian mikoriza Glomus fasciculatum terhadap akumulasi logam timbal (Pb) pada tanaman Ephorbia milii. J. Sains dan Seni Pomits 2 (1) : 79 – 83.
Arisusanti, R. J. dan K. I. Purwani. 2013. Pengaruh mikoriza Glomus fasciculatum terhadap akumulasi logam timbal (Pb) pada tanaman Dahlia pinnata. J. Sains dan Seni Pomits 2 (2) : 69 – 73.
Bosiacki, M. 2009. Phytoextraction of cadmium and lead by selected cultivars of Tagetes erecta L. part II. contents of Cd and Pb in plants. Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus, 8 (2) : 15 – 26.
Caroline, J. dan G.A. Moa. 2015. Fitoremediasi Logam Timbal (Pb) Menggunakan Tanaman Melati Air (Echinodorus palaefolius) pada Limbah Industri Peleburan Tembaga dan Kuningan. Seminar Nasional Sains dan Teknologi Terapan III Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama : Surabaya. 29 Oktober, halaman 733 – 744.
Chen, X., C. Wu, J. Tang, dan S. Hu. 2005. Arbuscular mycorrhizae enhance metal lead uptake and growth of host plants under a sand culture experiment. Chemosphere, 60 : 665 – 671.
Choudhury, M.R., M.S. Islam, Z.U. Ahmed, dan F. Nayar. 2015. Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated Buringanga Riverbed sediment by indian mustard and marigold plants. Environmental Progress & Suistainable Energy, 100 : 1 – 8.
Clemens, S. 2001. Molecular mechanisms of plant metal tolerance and homeostasis. Planta, 212 : 475 – 486.
Ding, Z. dan X. Hu. 2012. Transfer oh heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Cu, dan Zn) from roadside soil to ornamental plants in Najing, China. Advanced Materials Research, 356-360 : 3051 – 3054.
Gonzalez-Chavez, M.Z., R. Carillo-Gonzalez, S.F. Wright, dan K.A. Nichols. 2004. The role of glomalin, a protein produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, in sequestering potentially toxic elements. Environmental pollution, 130 (3) : 317 – 323.
Handayanto, E., Y. Nuraini, N. Muddarisna, N. Syam, dan A. Fiqri. 2017. Fitoremediasi dan Phytomining Logam Berat Pencemar Tanah. Universitas Brawijaya Press, Malang.
Herman, D. Z. 2006. Tinjauan terhadap tailing mengandung unsur pencemar arsen (As), merkuri (Hg), timbal (Pb), dan kadmium (Cd) dari sisa pengolahan bijih logam. J. Geologi Indonesia, 1 (1) : 31 – 36.
Juliana, E., Sarifuddin, dan Jamilah. 2015. Pemberian zeolit dan arang sekam pada lahan sawah tercemar limbah pabrik terhadap Pb tanah dan tanaman padi. J. Online Agroekoteknologi, 3 (2) : 703-709.
Leyval, C., E.J. Joner, C.D. Val, dan K. Haselwandter. 2002. Potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for bioremediation. Mycorrhizal Technology in Agriculture, 175 – 186.
Memon, A.R., D. Aktoprakligil, A. Özdemir, dan A. Vertii. 2001. Heavy metal accumulation and detoxification mechanism in plants. Turk J. Bot. 25 : 11-121.
Novoa, D., S. Palma, dan H. Gaete. 2010. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus spp. Inoculation on alfalfa growth in soils with copper. Chilean J. of Agriculture Research, 70 (2) : 259-265.
Nursanti, R.P. Tamin, dan Hamzah. 2012. Identifikasi CMA mikoriza arbuskula (CMA) di hutan lindung mangrove pangkal babu Kabupaten Tajung Jabung Barat, Jambi. J. Penelitian Universitas Jambi Seri Sains, 4 (2) : 29-34.
Onggo, T.M. 2009. Pengaruh konsentrasi larutan berbagai senyawa timbal (Pb) terhadap kerusakan tanaman, hasil dan beberapa kriteria kualitas sayuran daun spinasia. Melalui http://repository.unpad.ac.id (1 September 2018).
Peuke, A.D. dan H. Renneberg. 2006. Phytoremediation. EMBO Reports, 6 (6) : 497 – 501.
Purwati, N.I., S. Mulyani, dan I.W. Arnata. 2016. Analisis ekonomijalur distribusi bunga gemitir (Tagetes erecta L.) di Kecamatan Petang Kabupaten Badung. J. Rekayasa dan Manajemen Agroindustri, 4 (4) : 63 – 72.
Ramana, S., A.K. Biswas, Ajay, dan A. Subbarao. 2008. Phytoextraction of lead by marigold and chrysanthemum. Indian J. Plant Physiol, 13 (3) : 297 – 299.
Raras, D.P., B. Yusuf, dan Alimuddin. 2015. Analisis Kandungan Ion Logam Berat (Fe, Cd, Cu dan Pb) pada Tanaman Apu-Apu (Pistia stratiotes L) dengan Menggunakan Variasi Waktu. Prosiding Seminar Tugas Akhir FMIPA Universitas Mulawarman : Samarinda. 1 Juni, halaman 76 – 79.
Razo, I., L. Carrizales, J. Castro, F. Diaz-Barriga, dan M. Monroy. 2004. Arsenic and heavy metal pollution of soi;, water, and sediment in a semi-arid climate mining area in Mexico. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 152 : 129 – 152.
Sigiro, E.R.P.S., A.W.N. Jati, dan L.I. Murwani. 2016. Efektivitas penyerapan timbal (Pb) oleh bunga matahari (Helianthus annuus LINN) menggunakan penambahan mikoriza dan EDTA. Melalui http://e-journal.uajy.ac.id (1 September 2018).
Singh, P., S. Prakash, M. Kumar, S.M.M.K. Singh, dan A. Kumar. 2015. Effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) on growth, flowering, and yield in marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) CV. “Pusa Basanti”. Annals of Horticulture, 8 (1) : 73-80.
Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). 2009. Batas Maksimum Cemaran Logam Berat dalam Pangan. Badan Standarisasi Nasional.
Talanca, H. 2010. Status Cendawan Mikoriza Vesikular-Arbuskular (MVA) pada Tanaman. Prosiding Pekan Serealia Nasional : Maros, Sulawesi Selatan. 21 Juni, halaman : 353-357.
Val, C.D., J.M. Barea, dan C. Azcon-Aguilar. 1999.Assesing the tolerance to heavy metals of arbuscular mycorhizal fungi isolated from sewage sludge-contaminated soils. Applied Soil Ecology, 11 : 261 – 269.
Wang, F., X. Lin, dan R. Yin. 2005. Heavy metal uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal of Elsholtzia splendens and the potential for phytoremediation of contaminated soil. Plant and Soil, 269 : 225 – 232.
Widaningrum, Miskiyah, dan Suismono. 2007. Bahaya kontaminasi logam berat dalam sayuran dan alternatif pencegahan cemarannya. Buletin Teknologi Pascapanen Pertanian, 3 : 16 – 27.
View JOAC Stats
ISSN 2597-4386 (media online)
JOAC is published by Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Indonesia
JOAC is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.