The influence of financial literacy, financial attitudes, and lifestyle on financial behavior

This study aims to examine the effect of financial literacy, attitudes, and lifestyle on financial behavior in Management students of the Faculty of Economics, class of employees at the University of Semarang, class of 2019/2020. The population in this study were active students majoring in employee class management in the odd semester class of 2019/2020. The sample in this study was purposive sampling method. Purposive sampling is a data sampling technique based on certain considerations. The sample in this study collected 123 respondents. This research uses quantitative data type and the data source used is primary data. The data analysis technique using regression analysis test was carried out with the help of SPSS version 25. The results showed that only financial attitudes had a significant positive effect on financial behavior, while other variables such as financial literacy and lifestyle had no a significant effect on financial behavior. Its mean that financial attitudes will improve the quality of financial behavior in students.


INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, financial problems become things that can not be separated from a person's life. There is a public anxiety in the future related to lack of understanding of financial perceptions in planning, financial knowledge and personal financing (Markle, 2019). Concern for financial literacy is expected to be able to know and manage finances well. The way to improve the ability to manage personal finances is to improve financial literacy.
Based on the results of the National Survey of Financial Literacy and Inclusiveness (SNLIK) conducted by the Financial Services Authority (OJK, 2018), Indonesia's financial literacy rate in 2019 is 38.03% which will increase by 40% in 2020. In Presidential Regulation No. 50 of 2017, 35% of the national strategy of consumer rights protection has been exceeded. This number experienced a significant change compared to the previous year, in the last three years the understanding of public financial knowledge increased to 8.33% and the understanding of financial products and services increased by 8.39%. Improving financial literacy is currently a very serious problem because it can have a negative impact on financial behavior. The OJK's survey shows that Indonesian people have not an adequate level in use of financial services and financial understanding. In addition, according to the national financial literacy survey (OJK) (2018), the financial literacy index in 2019 in the student cluster was in the range of 31.69%. This gives an indication that the financial literacy index of students in general is still very low. If the financial index is below 60% indicates one's knowledge of low finance. According to Tangkudung (2014), students are undergraduate candidates who are in their involvement with universities, educated and expected to become intellectual candidates. Campus or college located at Jl. Soekarno Hatta, Tlogosari Semarang is the University of Semarang. The University of Semarang is as one of the containers for students in becoming agents of change in society. There are several S1 Management study programs. Lecturers expect that by studying financial management, students can manage finances well and planned, so that in everyday life better and regular in their financial management. Based on the results of limited interviews, quite a lot of economics faculty students have a low level of financial literacy and skills in managing finances. Because they have not been able to determine their priorities, students often make decisions quickly without thinking long for the desired needs rather than the needs make decisions quickly without thinking long for the desired needs rather than the needs needed. Financial attitudes are also another factor that can influence financial behavior in students.
According to Prihartono & Asandimitra (2018) financial attitude is a view of money shown by the ability to control financial expenses, draw up financial plans, financial budgets to realize the right financial decisions. Low financial literacy in the community including students. Students are still many who do not understand the concept of finance because in everyday life they will definitely manage their finances for the decisions they make. In general, a class of employees of the University of Semarang is more concerned with appearance and fashion to look attractive and he looks cool and fashionable. Many of these students who do not have a family and are still young, will be happy to spend money from income every month without thinking about the future.
Financial literacy is essential for every student to manage finances. Student financial attitudes also influence financial behavior. If a student has financial literacy and a good financial management attitude, then financial management will be better and life becomes prosperous. In this case, financial literacy plays an important role in improving the financial management of someone who is not good.

Theory of planned behavior (TPB)
This theory is a social theory that suspects a person's behavior, the main reason for behavioral decision making is the result of reasoning processes that are influenced by attitudes, norms and control of behavior. Human behavior can be caused by different reasons or possibilities, meaning confidence in the expectations of others and the presence of factors that will inhibit the behavior. Attitudes toward behavior are assumed to be a function of easily accessible beliefs regarding possible behavioral consequences (Ajzen, 2020).

Financial literacy
Financial literacy is one's knowledge and skills in managing finances to make life prosperous. The financial knowledge that individuals have can be used to make decisions about financial products that can optimize finances. Meanwhile, Mendari & Kewal (2013) explained that financial literacy is a basic need for everyone to avoid financial problems. According to (OJK, 2018)

Financial attitude
According to Widyaningrum (2018), financial attitude is the knowledge of someone who is in finance, who is trained to focus on financial management. Financial attitudes in financial decision making will have both positive and negative value for applied financial behavior and will represent a satisfactory financial management attitude. Factors that affect a person's financial attitude include: direct experience, family influence, peers, mass media impressions, direct marketing. In addition, indicators of financial attitudes in opinion (Zahroh, 2014) are orientation towards personal finance, philosophy of money, money security, assessing personal finance.

Lifestyle
Lifestyle is a person's way of life that is expressed in his activities, hobbies and income by spending money and allocating time. Lifestyle reflects consumptive patterns that describe a person's choices in using time and money (Hardiyanti, 2021). According to Kasali in Graduation (2014) said that lifestyle indicators measure human activity in terms of activities, interests or interests, opinions.

Financial behavior
According to Suryanto & Rasmini (2018), financial behavior is a pattern or behavior of a person's habits in managing his personal finances. Akben-Selcuk (2015) states that factors that influence financial behavior include: financial literacy, financial socialisation agents, attitude towards money. According to Akben-Selcuk (2015), financial behavior is divided into three indicators, among others: being on time in paying bills, such as electricity bills, credit and rent, making personal budgets, namely systematic budgeting in the form of numbers for a certain period of time in the future and having savings for the future.

The relationship between financial literacy and financial behavior
Financial literacy is knowledge related to financial management (regarding savings, investments, insurance, etc.) so that it can affect student financial behavior. If a student who has a good level of financial literacy and knows things related to finance, then the student will be more capable in behaving towards his finances. This is evidenced by research conducted by Wahyuni (2018) and (Iriani, 2018) which showed that financial literacy has a significant positive effect on financial behavior. According to research Djou (2019) and Hardiyanti, (2021) financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on financial behavior. Based on the description above, the hypothesis is formulated as follows:

H1: financial literacy has a significant positive effect on financial behavior
The relationship between financial attitudes and financial behavior According to Humaira & Sagoro, (2018), financial attitudes can be understood when thoughts, views and judgments about personal finance are applied to attitudes. Students who have a good financial attitude in financial management will have a positive effect on financial behavior, conversely if students are arbitrary in making financial decisions, they will have bad financial behavior. This is evidenced by research conducted by Djou, (2019) and Mochamad Zulfikri Saepulloh Hidayat (2020) which posits that financial attitudes have a positive and significant effect on financial behavior. Based on the description above, the hypothesis is formulated as follows: H2: financial attitudes have a significant positive effect on financial behavior

The relationship between lifestyle and financial behavior
Lifestyle describes the whole of a person that relates to his or her environment. In this case, the lifestyle embraced by students has a strong influence and will affect their financial behavior. According to Rina Rahayu, (2015), lifestyle describes consumption patterns as a person's choice to use money and time. College students tend to have a lifestyle for consumption in everyday life that is quite high. A student whose lifestyle is increasingly luxurious, then behavior towards his finances will decrease because he often wastes money and can not manage it properly. And if a college student lives a simple lifestyle and uses money as needed then, they will have good financial behavior. This is addressed in previous research by Hardiyanti, (2021) and Chairani, (2019) which showed that lifestyle has a significant positive effect on financial behavior. Based on the description above, it is formulated with the hypothesis:

Research framework
Research framework is a model of problem solving that begins with the determination of research problems. Based on the foundation of previous theories and research, the theoretical framework of thought built into this research is shown in figure 1.

METHODS
According to Sugiyono, (2016) population is a general field consisting of objects or subjects that have certain qualities and characteristics. The population of this study is all active students of the faculty of economics employees majoring in management semester gasal School Year 2021/2022, class year 2019/2020 number of 177 students (UPT USM Database, 2022).
The sample is a component of the number and character of the population (Sugiyono, 2016).
The samples in this study used the purposive sampling method approach. According to Sugiyono (2016), purposive sampling is a data sampling technique based on certain considerations. The criteria for determining the sample in this study are active students of employee classes majoring in management of the Faculty of Economics, University of Semarang semester gasal of 2019/2020. In this study, the number of samples collected was calculated using the formula slovin (Sugiyono, 2016). Therefore, the sample formula is as follows: Where: n = sample size N = population (177 respondents) e = percentage of desired or tolerable errors (5%) Based on the slovin formula, the size of the sample obtained is as follows: The number of samples was rounded, so the number of samples used was 123 respondents.

Data collection methods
Data collection method is a strategic step in research to obtain data (Sugiyono, 2016).
The data collection method used in the study was to collect primary data using questionnaires and using the likert scale. While in the collection of secondary data obtained from journals, lieratur, previous research related to research.

Descriptive analysis
Descriptive analysis is an analysis in the form of data and descriptions. Descriptive data is a description of data that is associated with other data that is used to find the truth so that it produces a new picture that already exists. The data in question is an overview of the identity of the respondent and for the analysis of the description that is a question on a likert scale.

Quantitative analysis
Quantitative data analysis is research data in the form of numbers and analysis using statistics (Sugiyono, 2016). The quantitative data analysis used in this study is a multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 25.

Instrument testing: validity test
The validity test is used to measure the validity or validity of a questionnaire. A questionnaire is valid if the question on the questionnaire is able to reveal something measured by the questionnaire (Ghazali, 2018). In this study, validity tests were used to test financial literacy variables (X1), financial attitudes (X2) and lifestyle (X3) by comparing calculated r's with table r values. If r calculates greater than the value of the table r and positive, then the validity test is declared valid.

Instrument testing: reliability test
Reliability is a tool for measuring questionnaires that are indicators of variables. A questionnaire is said to be reliable or reliable if a person's answer to a statement is stable or consistent over time. A data is said to be reliable if it has a Cronbach Alpha > 0.6 and is said to be not reliable if Cronbach Alpha < 0.6 (Ghazali, 2018).

Multicollinearity test
The multicollinearity test aims to see if there is a correlation between independent or free variables. In the value of tolerance there is no multicollinearity if the tolerance value is greater than 0.10, while the value of VIF (Variance Inflation Factor) does not occur multicollinearity when the VIF value is smaller than 10.00 while there is multicollinearity if the VIF value is greater than or equal to 10.00.
Based on the results of multicollinearity tests which shown in the table 11 the variables of financial literacy, financial attitudes, lifestyle to financial behavior variables there are no symptoms of multicollinearity because tolerance values are more than 0.1 and VIF values are less than 10.00.

Multiple linear regression equations
Multiple linear regression is used to the effect of independent variables, such asfinancial literacy (X1), financial attitudes (X2) and lifestyle (X3) on dependent variables, financial behavior (Y). Regression equation used as follows: Y = α + b1X1 + b2X2 + b3X3+ e

Partial test (test t)
The t test or so-called partial hypothesis test is a statistical method used to test the  Ghazali (2018) the t test was conducted to show the individual influence of one independent variable on the dependent variable. The criteria in this test using the signification rate of a = 0.05 are determined as follows: If thitung's significant value < a = 0.05 then the hypothesis is declared significant. If thitung's significant value > a = 0.05 then the hypothesis is declared insignificant.

Coefficient of determination
The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) basically measures the extent to which the model describes the bound variable (Ghazali, 2018). The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) is expressed in percentage. This R 2 value ranges from 0 < R 2 , the coefficient of determination is zero or one. If the value of R 2 is small, the ability of independent variables to explain dependent variables is very limited. However, if the value of R 2 is close to 1 it means that independent variables provide almost all the information needed to predict the variation of dependent variables (Munawaroh & Priyadi, 2014).

Research results
Based on the table 1, it can be known that the age of respondents is dominated by the age of 21 -24 years with a total of 107 respondents and a percentage of 87.1%. This is because most of the students of the University of Semarang are studying while working.

Characteristics of respondents based on gender
Based on the table 2, the respondents' genders were dominated by women, which was 87 and the percentage was 70.7%. Thus it can be concluded that the level of financial literacy and lifestyle is most visible, namely the students who always follow the trend. Table 3 shows that the last education of Semarang University employee management students, High school / vocational graduates is the with a total of 112 respondents and a percentage of 91.1%, D3 graduates or students who transfer to S1 level as many as 11 people with a percentage of 8.9% and a total of 123 respondents.

Descriptive analysis
This analysis aims to find out the answers from respondents to each of the financial literacy, financial attitudes, lifestyle and financial behavior.

Descriptive analysis of financial literacy
The table 4 shows, respondents' financial literacy (X1) level the average score of financial literacy items in this study is 3.81 which can be placed as "High". In this condition shows that the variables of financial literacy are well received. Table 5 shows the results of responses of respondent to the Financial Attitude item The average score of financial attitude variable (X2) item is 3.84. this score "High". In this condition shows that the variables of financial literacy are well received. Source: Processed primary data, 2022

Descriptive analysis of lifestyle
Based on the table 6 the average score of lifestyle variables (X3) item is 3.66. this score is the table to be placed as "High". In this condition shows that the variables of financial literacy are well received.

Descriptive analysis of financial behavior
Based on the table 7, respondents' answers to financial behavior variables items (Y) with an average total of 4,034 are in the category "High". In this condition shows that the variables of financial literacy are well received. Based on the table 8, it can be known that the value of r calculates the overall statement item tested is positive and greater than the value of the table r. It can then be concluded that all statement items in this research instrument passed the validity test and were declared valid.

Reliability test
Reliability tests are used to find out the indicators of each variable can be trusted, reliable or not. Based on the table 9, it shows

Multicollinearity test
The multicollinearity test aims to see if there is a correlation between independent or free variables. In the value of tolerance there is no multicollinearity if the tolerance value is greater than 0.10, while the value of VIF (Variance Inflation Factor) does not occur multicollinearity when the VIF value is smaller than 10.00 while there is multicollinearity if the VIF value is greater than or equal to 10.00.
Based on the results of multicollinearity tests which shown in the table 10 the variables of financial literacy, financial attitudes, lifestyle to financial behavior variables there are no symptoms of multicollinearity because tolerance values are more than 0.1 and VIF values are less than 10.00.

Multiple linear regression analysis
This analysis aims to find out the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables whether each variable has a positive relationship or not. The results of multiple linear regression analysis tests are shown in the table 11. Based on, the multiple linear regression equations can be formulated as follows: Y = 9,017 + 0,099X1 + 0,230X2 + 0,089 X3 The constant value obtained at 9.017, is a constant or state when financial behavior variables have not been influenced by other variables, namely financial literacy variables (X1), financial attitudes (X2) and lifestyle (X3). If independent variables do not exist then the variables of financial behavior do not change. The regression coefficient value of financial literacy variables is positive at 0.099, it means that if there is a 1% increase in financial literacy variables will cause an increase in financial behavior of 0.099. The regression coefficient value of the financial attitude variable is positive at 0.230, it means that if there is a 1% increase in the financial attitude variable it will cause an increase in the financial attitude of 0.230. The regression coefficient value of the lifestyle variable is positive at 0.089, it means that if there is a 1% increase the lifestyle variable will cause an increase in lifestyle by 0.089.

Partial test (test t)
The t test or so-called partial hypothesis test is a statistical method used to test the significant level or confidence level of the regression coefficient with criteria: If the value of significance < 0.05 then the influence of financial literacy (X1), financial attitude (X2) and lifestyle (X3) partially affects financial behavior (Y), while if the value of its significance is > 0.05 then financial behavior (X1), financial attitude (X2) and style Life (X3) partially has no significant effect on financial behavior (Y). Based on the table above, only financial attitude variable has significant effect on financial behavior. The calculated value of ttest is 2.755, greater than the t table which is 1.979. In addition, the significance value is 0.000. However, other variables, such as financial literacy and lifestyle has no significant effect on financial behavior as the value of significance level of those variables are higher than 0.05.

Determination coefficient test
The coefficient of determination is used to measure how much the percentage change or variation of an independent variable is. By knowing the value of the coefficient of determination can be explained the goodness of the regression model in predicting dependent variables. The higher the value of the coefficient of determination the better the ability of independent Based on the table 12, the coefficient of determination has an adjusted R square of 0.517. This means 51.7% of financial behavior (Y) can be explained by independent variables namely financial literacy, financial attitudes and lifestyle. The rest (100% -51.7%) = 48.3% were explained by other variables outside the model not described in the study.

The effect of financial attitudes on financial behavior
Based on the test results, it shows a significant influence between financial attitudes to financial behavior. The students in this study wish they had known more about ability to manage their asset, make a monthly budget, to set aside money for accidental purpose, and feels that learning about finance is important. It means the better level of financial attitudes, came a higher level a student's financial behavior. Research has the results of financial attitudes that have a positive and significant effect on financial behavior The results of this study are in accordance with research conducted by Djou, (2019) and Mochamad Zulfikri Saepulloh Hidayat (2020) which suggested that financial attitudes have a positive and significant effect on financial behavior. According to Widyaningrum (2018), financial attitude is the knowledge of someone who is in finance, who is trained to focus on financial management. Students who have a good financial attitude in financial management will have a positive effect on financial behavior, conversely if students are arbitrary in making financial decisions, they will have bad financial behavior.

CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of the data analysis that has been done, it can be concluded as several point. First, the variable financial attitude (X2) has a positive and significant effect on financial behavior (Y). The better the financial attitude of students, the better the financial behavior. Second, other variables, such as financial literacy (X1) and lifestyle variables (X3) has no effect on financial behavior (Y).
Based on the conclusions that have been outlined, the author submitted a suggestion that might improve the financial behavior of students majoring in employee class management. Students should have a good financial attitude to manage their financial asset well.
In this study has research limitations both writing and in the results of research. Judging from the value of the coefficient of determination that only has an adjusted value of R2 obtained by 0.517. This means that 51.7% of financial behavior is influenced by financial literacy, financial attitudes and lifestyle while the remaining 48.3% are influenced by other variables.
This research can be continued by expanding the scope of research objects and adding more specific variables such as students' understanding of loan and debt or about financial concerns.