Green Polymerization of Hexadecamethylcyclooctasiloxane Using an Algerian Proton Exchanged Clay Called Maghnite-H+

*Djamal Eddine Kherroub -  1Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, BP 1524 El’Menouer Oran 31000, Algeria 2University Centre of Relizane Ahmed Zabana, Institute of Sciences and Technology, BP 48000, Algeria
Mohammed Belbachir -  Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, BP 1524 El’Menouer Oran 31000, Algeria
Saad Lamouri -  3Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry, Polytechnic Military School (EMP), Bordj El Bahri, 16111 Algiers, Algeria
Received: 8 Mar 2017; Published: 2 Apr 2018.
Open Access Copyright (c) 2018 Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Citation Format:
Cover Image
Article Info
Section: Original Research Articles
Language: EN
Full Text:
In 2018: BCREC Volume 13 Issue 1 Year 2018 (SCOPUS and Web of Science Indexed, April 2018)
Statistics: 703 335
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to synthesize polydimethylsiloxanes by heterogeneous catalysis, based on the polymerization of the hexadecamethylcyclooctasiloxane (D8) by an environment-friendly solid catalyst (Maghnite-H+). Maghnite-H+ is a natural Algerian clay of the montmorillonite type, prepared by activation with sulfuric acid, the impact of this activation was observable in the XRD spectrum, by the increase in the interlayer spacing (d001) resulting from the intercalation of hydronium ions between layers. The molecular structure of the obtained polymer was determined by different chemical methods of analysis such as IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The thermal behavior of the polysiloxane obtained was confirmed by DSC. In order to achieve the best possible yield and at the same time to get a polymer of high molecular mass, the operating conditions have been set at t = 8 h and T = 70 °C after the reaction was repeated several times. The average molecular mass and the polydispersity index were measured by GPC. A reaction mechanism has been suggested to show the action of the Maghnite-H+ during the reaction. Copyright © 2018 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

Received: 8th March 2017; Revised: 27th July 2017; Accepted: 1st August 2017; Available online: 22nd January 2018; Published regularly: 2nd April 2018

How to Cite: Kherroub, D.E., Belbachir, M., Lamouri, S. (2018). Green Polymerization of Hexadecamethylcyclooctasiloxane Using an Algerian Proton Exchanged Clay Called Maghnite-H+. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 13 (1): 36-46 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.13.1.993.36-46)

 

Keywords
Clay; Green Catalyst; Maghnite-H+; Hexadecamethylcyclooctasiloxane; Polysiloxane

Article Metrics:

  1. Clark, J.H., Rhodes, C.N. eds. (2000). Clean Synthesis Using Porous Inorganic Solid Catalysts and Supported Reagents. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.
  2. Anastas, P.T., Williamson, T.C. (2009). Green Chemistry and the Role of Analytical Methodology Development. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 3: 167-175.
  3. Anastas, P.T., Warner, J. eds. (2009). Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  4. Kherroub, D.E., Belbachir, M., Lamouri, S. (2014). Preparation and Characterization of Organophilic Montmorillonite (12-maghnite) Using Algerian Clay. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 30: 1647-1651.
  5. Belbachir, M., Bensaoula, A. (2001). US Patent. No 6, 274,527B1
  6. Meghabar, R., Megherbi, A., Belbachir, M. (2003). Maghnite-H+, An Ecocatalyst for Cationic Polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone. Polymer, 44: 4097-4100.
  7. Bouchama, A., Ferrahi, M.I., Belbachir, M. (2015). Copolymerization of ε-Caprolactone with Tetrahydrofuran by A Solid Acid, in the Presence of Acetic Anhydride. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 6: 977-982.
  8. Kherroub, D.E., Belbachir, M., Lamouri, S., Bouhadjar, L., Chikh, K. (2013). Synthesis of Polyamide-6/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites by Direct In-situ Polymerization Catalysed by Exchanged Clay. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 29: 1429-1436.
  9. Kherroub, D.E., Belbachir, M., Lamouri, S. (2015). Nylon 6/clay Nanocomposites Prepared with Algerian Modified Clay (12-maghnite). Research on Chemical Intermediates, 41: 5217-5228.
  10. Kherroub, D.E., Belbachir, M., Lamouri, S. (2015). Synthesis of Poly(furfuryl alcohol)/montmorillonite Nanocomposites by Direct In-situ Polymerization. Bulletin of Materials Science, 38: 1-7.
  11. Molenberg, A., Möller, M. (1995). A Fast Catalyst System for the Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclosiloxanes. Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 16: 449-453.
  12. Pibre, G., Chaumont, P., Fleury, E., Cassagnau, P. (2008). Ring-opening Polymerization of Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane Initiated by A Superbase: Kinetics and Rheology. Polymer, 49: 234-240.
  13. Gee, R.P. (2015). Emulsion Polymerization of Dimethylcyclosiloxane in Cationic Emulsion: Mechanism Study Utilizing Two Phase Liquid–Liquid Reaction Kinetics. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 48: 297-306.
  14. Sun, C.N., Shen, M.M., Deng, L.L., Mo, J.Q., Zhou, B.W. (2014). Kinetics of Ring-opening Polymerization of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane in Microemulsion. Chinese Chemical Letters, 25: 621-626.
  15. Sijiu, J., Teng, Q., Xiaoyu, L. (2010). Kinetic Study on the Ring-Opening Polymerization of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) in Miniemulsion. Polymer, 51: 4087-4094.
  16. Conan, J.T., William, P.W., Guoping, C. (2003). Acid and Base Catalyzed Ring-opening Polymerization of 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexamethyl-8,8-diphenylcyclotetrasiloxane. Polymer, 44: 4149-4155.
  17. Chojnowski, J., Rubinsztajn, S., Fortuniak, W., Kurjata, J. (2007). Oligomer and Polymer Formation in Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3)–Hydrosilane Systems under Catalysis by Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, 17: 173-187.
  18. Wilczek, L., Rubinsztajn, S., Chojnowski, J. (1986). Comparison of the Cationic Polymerization of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 187: 39-51.
  19. Friedel, C., Crafts, J.M. (1877). Comprehensive Organic Name Reactions and Reagents. Comptes Rendus Chimie, 84: 1392-1450.
  20. Crafts, J.M. (1900). Friedel Memorial Lecture. Journal of the Chemical Society, 77: 993-1000.
  21. Kendrick, T.C., Parbhoo, B., White, J.W. eds. (1991). The Silicon-Heteroatom Bond. Chichester: J. Wiley & Sons.
  22. Chojnowski, J., Cypryk, M. (2000). Silicon-Containing Polymers. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
  23. Chojnowski, J., Cypryk, M., Kazmierski, K. (2002). Cationic Polymerization of a Model Cyclotrisiloxane with Mixed Siloxane Units Initiated by a Protic Acid. Mechanism of Polymer Chain Formation. Macromolecules, 36: 9904-9911.
  24. Sigwalt, P. (1987). New Developments in Cationic Polymerization of Cyclosiloxanes. Polymer Journal, 19: 567-570.
  25. Rodriquez, F. (1989). eds. Principles of Polymer Systems. New York: Hemisphere Publishing Corp.
  26. DeGroot, J.V., Norris, A., Shedric, O.G., Clapp, T.V. (2004). eds. Highly Transparent Silicone Materials. Midland: Proc. SPIE.
  27. Narins, R.S., Beer, K. (2006). Liquid Injectable Silicone: A Review of Its History, Immunology, Technical Considerations, Complications, and Potential. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 118: 77-84.
  28. Dumitriu, S. (2002). eds. Polymeric Biomaterials. New York: Marcel Dekker.
  29. Ya-Qing, Z., Xiang, K., Xiao-Li, Z., Zheng-Hong, L. (2010). Particle Kinetics and Physical Mechanism of Microemulsion Polymerization of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane. Powder Technology, 201: 146-152.
  30. Jian, W., Xueming, C., Panjin, J., Qing, H., Mingtao, R. (2015). Synthesis and Characterization of the Copolymers Containing Blocks of Polydimethylsiloxane in Low Boiling Point Mixtures. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 149: 216-223.
  31. Ramli, M.R., Othman, M.B.H., Arifi, A., Ahmad, Z. (2011). Cross-link Network of Polydimethylsiloxane via Addition and Condensation (RTV) Mechanisms. Part I: Synthesis and Thermal Properties. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 96: 2064-2070.
  32. Namrata, S.T., Florence, D.J., Lawrence, F., Jacques, L. (2012). Open Journal of Organic Polymer Materials, 2: 13-22.
  33. Dollase, T., Spiess, H.W., Gottlieb, M., Yerushalmi-Rozen, R. (2002). Crystallization of PDMS: The Effect of Physical and Chemical Crosslinks. Europhysics Letters, 60: 390-396.
  34. Kherroub, D.E., Belbachir, M., Lamouri, S. (2014). Cationic Ring Opening polymerization of ε-caprolactam by a Montmorillonite Clay Catalyst. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 9: 74-80.
  35. Kherroub, D.E., Belbachir, M., Lamouri, S. (2015). Study and Optimization of the Polymerization Parameter of Furfuryl Alcohol by Algerian Modified Clay. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 40: 143-150.

Copyright (c) 2018 Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

As a journal Author, you have rights for a large range of uses of your article, including use by your employing institute or company. These Author rights can be exercised without the need to obtain specific permission. 

Authors publishing in BCREC journals have wide rights to use their works for teaching and scholarly purposes without needing to seek permission, including: use for classroom teaching by Author or Author's institutionand presentation at a meeting or conference and distributing copies to attendees; use for internal training by author's company; distribution to colleagues for their reseearch use; use in a subsequent compilation of the author's works; inclusion in a thesis or dissertation; reuse of portions or extrcats from the article in other works (with full acknowledgement of final article); preparation of derivative works (other than commercial purposes) (with full acknowledgement of final article); voluntary posting on open web sites operated by author or author’s institution for scholarly purposes (follow CC by SA License).

Authors and readers can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, as well as remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, but they must give appropriate credit (cite to the article or content), provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.

Copyright Transfer Agreement

The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright publishing of the article shall be assigned to Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis journal and Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University as publisher of the journal.

Copyright encompasses exclusive rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all form and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations. The reproduction of any part of this journal, its storage in databases and its transmission by any form or media, such as electronic, electrostatic and mechanical copies, photocopies, recordings, magnetic media, etc., will be allowed only with a written permission from Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis journal and Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University.

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis journal and Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University, the Editors and the Advisory International Editorial Board make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in the Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis are sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors and advertisers.

Remember, even though we ask for a transfer of copyright, our journal authors retain (or are granted back) significant scholarly rights.

The Copyright Transfer Form can be downloaded here: [Copyright Transfer Form BCREC 2016] 


The copyright form should be signed originally and send to the Editorial Office in the form of original mail, scanned document or fax :  

Prof. Dr. I. Istadi (Editor-in-Chief)
Editorial Office of Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering and Catalysis
Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University
Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Kampus Undip Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia 50275
Telp.: +62-24-7460058, Fax.: +62-24-76480675
E-mail: bcrec[at]live.undip.ac.id