Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Alkali Pretreatment for Enhancement of Delignification Process of Cocoa Pod Husk

*Maktum Muharja orcid scopus  -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Jember, Indonesia
Rizki Fitria Darmayanti orcid scopus  -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Jember, Indonesia
Bekti Palupi scopus  -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Jember, Indonesia
Istiqomah Rahmawati scopus  -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Jember, Indonesia
Boy Arief Fachri orcid scopus  -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Jember, Indonesia
Felix Arie Setiawan orcid  -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Jember, Indonesia
Helda Wika Amini orcid scopus  -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Jember, Indonesia
Meta Fitri Rizkiana orcid scopus  -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Jember, Indonesia
Atiqa Rahmawati  -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Jember, Indonesia
Ari Susanti  -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Jember, Indonesia
Ditta Kharisma Yolanda Putri  -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Jember, Indonesia
Received: 5 Sep 2020; Revised: 15 Jan 2021; Accepted: 16 Jan 2021; Published: 31 Mar 2021; Available online: 17 Jan 2021.
Open Access Copyright (c) 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group
License URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

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Abstract

In this study, the optimization of microwave-assisted alkaline (MAA) pretreatment is performed to attain the optimal operating parameters for the delignification of cocoa pod husk (CPH). The MAA performance was examined by heating the CPH solid with different particle sizes (60–120 mesh) and NaOH solution with a different sample to a solvent (SS) ratio (0.02–0.05 g/L), for short irradiation time (1–4 min). Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was utilized to optimize the percentage of lignocellulose composition changes. The results show that by enlarging particle size, the content of lignin and cellulose decreased while hemicellulose increased. By prolong irradiation time, the content of lignin and hemicellulose decreased while cellulose elevated. On the other hand, increasing the SS ratio was not significant for hemicellulose content changes. From FTIR and SEM characterization, the MAA drove the removal of lignin and hemicellulose of CPH and increased cellulose slightly. Supported by kinetic study which conducted in this work, it was exhibited that MAA pretreatment technology is an effective delignification method of CPH which can tackle the bottleneck of its commercial biofuel production. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

 

Keywords: alkaline; biofuel; cocoa pod husk; delignification; microwave
Funding: Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education of Republic Indonesia

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Article Info
Section: Original Research Articles
Language: EN
In 2021: BCREC Volume 16 Issue 1 Year 2021 (SCOPUS and Web of Science Indexed, March 2021)
Statistics: 950 176
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