DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.15.3.8862.808-817

Investigation on Synthesis of Trimethylolpropane (TMP) Ester from Non-edible Oil

1Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia,40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

2Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

3Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia

4 Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Pasir Gudang Campus, Johor Branch, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Johor, Malaysia

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Received: 4 Sep 2020; Revised: 18 Oct 2020; Accepted: 19 Oct 2020; Available online: 9 Nov 2020; Published: 28 Dec 2020.
Editor(s): Istadi Istadi, Harumi Veny
Open Access Copyright (c) 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

Trimethylolpropane (TMP) ester is an eco-friendly lubricant that fully biodegradable and known as bio lubricant. In this study, TMP ester was produced from waste cooking oil and rubber seed oil through a two-step synthesis approach. The reaction is two stages transesterifications, in which the waste cooking oil and the rubber seed oil were first transesterified with methanol to produce methyl ester, followed by transesterification with TMP using para-Toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) as catalyst. Various effects of operating conditions were observed, such as reaction time, temperature and molar ratio of reactants. The TMP ester formation was determined based on the quantity of reactant conversion. The synthesized TMP ester was compared and characterized according to their properties. The results showed that the TMP ester from waste cooking oil (WCO) has shown better conversion compare to TMP ester from rubber seed oil (RSO), within a similar operating condition. The highest TMP ester conversion from WCO is 71%, at temperature of 150 ºC with molar ratio of FAME to TMP of 3:1 and catalyst amount of 2% (wt/wt). In addition, these polyol based esters from WCO and RSO exhibit appropriate basic properties for viscosity when compare with requirement standard of lubricant ISO VG46. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

 

 

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Keywords: biodiesel; rubber seed oil; waste cooking oil; biolubricant; transesterification; trimethylolpropane triester
Funding: Institute of Quality and Knowledge Advancement (INQKA) Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)

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Section: International Symposium of Green Engineering and Technology 2019 (ISGET 2019)
Language : EN
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