Synthesis of Ziegler-Natta Catalyst using Malaysian Ilmenite Derived TiCl4 via Recrystallization Method: A Statistical Approach

Sanjith Udayakumar  -  School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
Najwa Ibrahim  -  School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
Chan Yong Chien  -  School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
Shaikh Abdul Rahman Shaik Abdul Wahab  -  School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Noor  -  School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
*Sivakumar Ramakrishnan  -  School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
Received: 18 Jun 2020; Revised: 11 Aug 2020; Accepted: 13 Aug 2020; Published: 28 Dec 2020; Available online: 19 Sep 2020.
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Abstract

In the current study, Ziegler-Natta (Z-N) catalyst was synthesized via recrystallization method using MgCl2 as a support, AlCl3 as an activator and TiCl4 as a transition metal source. The TiCl4 used in the study was derived from Malaysian ilmenite through a sequential pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical process of ilmenite concentrate conversion to TiCl4. The recrystallization method of synthesis of the heterogeneous Z-N catalyst was studied by varying the synthesis parameters, such as the combined amount of MgCl2 and AlCl3, temperature, and amount of TiCl4, using statistical design of experiments. The investigation aimed at determining the best conditions for synthesizing the heterogeneous Z-N catalyst. The synthesis conditions posed a significant influence on the Ti content present in the catalyst product. The morphological and elemental analysis of SEM-EDX showed good spherical nature of the prepared catalysts. The XRD phase analysis detected the peaks of MgCl2, MgCl2-Ethanol, MgCl2/TiClx, and TiO2. The IR spectra confirmed the presence of the Mg-Cl bond at 1635 cm−1 and Ti-Cl bonds at 602 cm-1 and 498 cm-1. The produced catalyst contained a small amount of TiO2, which could be due to the seepage of moisture during the analysis or storage of the sample. The most favourable combination of the studied parameters was determined based on the Ti content in the catalyst product. Therefore, the best conditions for synthesizing the heterogeneous Z-N catalyst with high Ti content (181.1 mg/L) was at a combined amount of 2 g of MgCl2 for 6 g of AlCl3, crystallization temperature of 80 °C, and 2 mL dosage of TiCl4. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

Keywords: Malaysian ilmenite; Ziegler-Natta catalyst; Recrystallization method; TiCl4; statistical design of experiments
Funding: Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)

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Section: Original Research Articles
Language: EN
In 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 3 Year 2020 (SCOPUS and Web of Science Indexed,December 2020)
Statistics: 341 180
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