DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.3.577.369-375

Reduction of Peroxide Value and Free Fatty Acid Value of Used Frying Oil Using TiO2 Thin Film Photocatalyst

1Physics Education Department, Universitas PGRI Semarang, Jln. Sidodadi Timur No.24, Semarang 50125, Indonesia

2Physics Department, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Kampus Undip Tembalang, Semarang 50239, Indonesia

Received: 29 Jun 2016; Published: 11 Oct 2016.
Open Access Copyright (c) 2016 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Cover Image
Abstract

The quality of used frying oil degraded due to the presence of products degradation, such as; PV and FFA which formed during the frying process. PV and FFA are harmful to human health. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin film has been applied in various fields, especially in the environment. The aim of this study is to evaluate photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin film for reducing PV and FFA in used frying oil. The TiO2 thin films were deposited on glass substrate by spray coating method at a temperature of 450 oC. The TiO2 precursor solution was prepared by mixing TTiP, AcAc, and ethanol. The thin films were varied into two conditions; as-deposited and annealed at a temperature of 500 oC. The morphology, crystalline structure, and optical properties of the thin films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and UV-VIS spectrophotometer, respectively. The photocatalytic process was carried out by putting TiO2 thin film in used frying oil and irradiated by sunlight. The result showed that both of TiO2 thin films were still amorphous in nature. However, there was a peak with low intensity for annealed TiO2 thin film which corresponding to the TiO2 anatase crystals plane of (101). Annealing process improved crystallinity and changed the shape morphology of TiO2 thin films. The band gap was found to be 3.59 eV for as-deposited TiO2 thin film and 3.49 eV for the annealed-TiO2 thin film. The photocatalytic process shows that TiO2 thin films reduced FFA and PV of used frying oil up to 67.10% and 79.15%, respectively. Photocatalytic activity of annealed TiO2 thin film was higher than as-deposited TiO2 thin film. The results indicated that TiO2 thin film photocatalyst potential as the new alternative method to purify used frying oil. 

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Annealing; FFA; PV; TiO2; Used Frying Oil

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Original Research Articles
Language : EN
Statistics: 2839 651
Share:
Others articles
A Review on Catalytic Membranes Production and Applications Preparation, Characterization, and Catalytic Property of a Cu(II) Complex with 2-Carboxybenzaldehyde-p-Toluenesulfonyl Hydrazone Ligand Comparison of Five Advanced Oxidation Processes for Degradation of Pesticide in Aqueous Solution Effect of Drying Conditions on the Catalytic Performance, Structure, and Reaction Rates over the Fe-Co-Mn/MgO Catalyst for Production of Light Olefins Preparation of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Materials from Monosodium Glutamate and Application in Reduction of p-Nitrophenol More articles
Most cited articles
Formulation of SrO-MBCUS Agglomerates for Esterification and Transesterification of High FFA Vegetable Oil Synthesis and Performance of Transition Metal Based Perovskite Catalysts for Diesel Soot Oxidation Design of a Synthetic Zinc Oxide Catalyst over Nano-Alumina for Sulfur Removal by Air in a Batch Reactor Preparation, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity of Tin (Antimony) Substituted and Lacunar Dawson Phosphotungstomolybdates for Synthesis of Adipic Acid Esterification of Benzyl Alcohol with Acetic Acid over Mesoporous H-ZSM-5 More cited articles
  1. Behrman, E., Jang, G.V. (2005). Cholesterol and Plants. Journal of Chemical Education, 82 (12): 1791-1793
  2. Zahir, E., Saeed, R., Abdul, H.M, Yousuf, A. (2014). Study of physicochemical properties of edible oil and evaluation of frying oil quality by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, Article In Press
  3. Gebhardt, B. (1996). Oils and Fats in Snack Foods. New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  4. Soh, K.H., Soo, M.C., Yuen, M.C. (2006). Oxidative Stability and Storage Behavior of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Derived from Used Palm Oil. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 83: 947-952
  5. Bhattacharya, A.B., Sajilata, M.G., Tiwari, S.R., Singhal, R. (2008). Regeneration of Thermally Polymerized Frying Oils with Adsorbents. Food Chemistry, 110: 562-570
  6. Chiang, Y.F., Shaw, H.M., Yang, M.F. Huang, C.Y., Hsieh, C.H., Chao, P.M. (2011). Dietary Oxidised Frying Oil Causes Oxidative Damage of Pancreatic Islets and Impairment of Insulin Secretion, Effects Associated with Vitamin E Deficiency. British Journal of Nutrition, 105: 1311-1319
  7. Chun, Y.N., Yusof, K., Othman, Zakiah, J., Hj.Mohd, S.Q., Kamsiah, J. (2012). Involvement of Inflammation and Adverse Vascular Remodelling in the Blood Pressure Raising Effect of Repeatedly Heated Palm Oil in Rats. International Journal of Vascular Medicine, Article ID 404025
  8. Kummerow, F.A. (2013). Interaction between Sphingomyelin and OxysterolsContributes to Atherosclerosis and Sudden Death. American Journal of Cardiovascular Desease, 3: 17-26
  9. Chopra, M., Schrenk, D. (2011). Dioxintoxicity, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling, and Apoptosis-Persistent Pollutants Affect Programmed Cell Death. Critical Review in Toxycology, 41(4): 292-320
  10. Wannahari, R., Nordin, M.F.N. (2012a). Reduction of Peroxide Value in Used Palm Cooking Oil Using Bagasse Adsorbent. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 2(1): 185-191
  11. Wannahari, R., Nordin, M.F.N. (2012b). The Recovery of Used Palm Cooking Oil Using Bagasse as Adsorbent. American Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 5(1): 59-62
  12. Somnuk, C., Bhundit, I., Chanin, T. (2013). Cytotoxicity of Used Frying Oil Recovered by Different Adsorbents. Kasetsart Journal, 47: 874-884
  13. Jungro, Y., Byung, S.H., Yun, C.K., Kong, H.K., Mun, Y.J., Yung, A.K. (2000). Purification of Used Frying Oil by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction. Food Chemistry, 71(2): 275-279
  14. Sobczynski, A., Dobosz, A. (2001). Water Purification by Photocatalysis on Semiconductors. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 10(4): 195-205
  15. Cathy, M., Jeanette, M.C.R., Detlef, W.B., Peter, K.J.R. (2007). The Application of TiO2 Photocatalysis for Disinfection of Water Contaminated with Pathogenic Micro-Organisms: A Review. Research on Chemical Intermediates, 33(3): 359-375
  16. Miller, R., Fox, R. (1993). Treatment of Organic Contaminants in Air by Photocatalytic Oxidation: A Commercialization Perspective, in: Photocatalytic Purification and Treatment of Water and Air. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on TiO2, 573-578. D. Ollis, H. Al-Ekabi, (ed:) International Conference on TiO2
  17. Charp, O., Huisman, C.L., Reller, A. (2004). Photoinduced Reactivity of Titanium Dioxide. Progress in Solid State Chemistry, 32: 33-177
  18. Luan, X., Wang, Y. (2014). Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Ag/Bamboo-Type TiO2 Nanotube Composite Electrodes for Methylene Blue Degradation. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 25: 43-51
  19. Oja, A.I, Kiisk, V., Krunks, M., Sildos, I., Junolainen, A., Danilson, M., Mere, A., Mikli, V. (2012). Characterization of Samarium and Nitrogen Co-Doped TiO2 Films by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis Prepared. Applied Surface Science, 261: 735-741
  20. Senain, I., Nayan, N., Saim, H. (2010). Structural and Electrical Properties of TiO2 Thin Film Derived from Sol-Gel Method Using Titanium (IV) Butoxide. International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 2(3): 29-35
  21. Hanini, F., Bouabellou, A., Bouachiba, Y., Kermiche, F., Taabouche, A., Hemissi, M., Lakhdar, D. (2013). Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of TiO2 Thin Films Synthesized by Sol-Gel Technique. IOSR Journal of Engineering, 3(6): 21-28
  22. Benhaoha, B., Rahal, A.,Benramache, S. (2014). The Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Nanocrystalline ZnO:Al Thin Films. Superlattices and Microstructures, 68: 38-47
  23. Eiamchai, E., Pongpan, C., Artorn, P., and Pichet, L. (2009). A Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Study of TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by Ion-Assisted Electron-Beam Evaporation. Current Applied Physics, 9(3): 707–712
  24. Agbo, P.E., Nnabuchi, M.N., Onogu, K.O. (2012). Effect of Annealing on the Thickness and Band Gap of Novel Core-Shell Crystalline Thin Film. Journal of Ovonic Research, 8(5): 127-134
  25. Tian, G.L., He, H.B., Shao, J.D. (2005). Effect of Microstructure of TiO2 Thin Films on Optical Band Gap Energy. Chinese Physical Society, 22(7): 1787-1789
  26. Habib, M.P., Woo, Y.K., Kwang, D.J., Oh-Shim, J. (2005). A Chemical Route to Room-Temperature Synthesis of Nanocrystalline TiO2 Thin Films. Applied Surface Science, 246: 72-76
  27. Kraeutler, B., Bard, A.J., (1978). Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Synthesis of Methane from Acetic Acid - New Kolbe Reaction Pathway. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 100 (7): 2239-2240
  28. Lin, C.P., Chen, H., Nakaruk, A., Koshy, P., Sorrell, C.C. (2013). Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Thin Films. Energy Procedia, 34: 627-636
  29. Peerakiatkhajorn, P., Chawengkijwanich, C., Onreabroy, W., Chiarakorn, S. (2012). Novel Photocatalytic Ag/TiO2 Thin Film on Polyvinyl Chloride for Gaseous BTEX Treatment. Materials Science Forum, 712: 133-145
  30. Paz, Y., Heller, A. (1997). Photo-Oxidatively Self-Cleaning Transparent Titanium Dioxide Films on Soda Lime Glass: The Deleterious Effect of Sodium Contamination and Its Prevention. Journal of Material Research, 12: 2759-2766

Last update: 2021-07-27 19:47:27

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2021-07-27 19:47:27

No citation recorded.