Reduction of Peroxide Value and Free Fatty Acid Value of Used Frying Oil Using TiO2 Thin Film Photocatalyst

License URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

The quality of used frying oil degraded due to the presence of products degradation, such as; PV and FFA which formed during the frying process. PV and FFA are harmful to human health. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin film has been applied in various fields, especially in the environment. The aim of this study is to evaluate photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin film for reducing PV and FFA in used frying oil. The TiO2 thin films were deposited on glass substrate by spray coating method at a temperature of 450 oC. The TiO2 precursor solution was prepared by mixing TTiP, AcAc, and ethanol. The thin films were varied into two conditions; as-deposited and annealed at a temperature of 500 oC. The morphology, crystalline structure, and optical properties of the thin films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and UV-VIS spectrophotometer, respectively. The photocatalytic process was carried out by putting TiO2 thin film in used frying oil and irradiated by sunlight. The result showed that both of TiO2 thin films were still amorphous in nature. However, there was a peak with low intensity for annealed TiO2 thin film which corresponding to the TiO2 anatase crystals plane of (101). Annealing process improved crystallinity and changed the shape morphology of TiO2 thin films. The band gap was found to be 3.59 eV for as-deposited TiO2 thin film and 3.49 eV for the annealed-TiO2 thin film. The photocatalytic process shows that TiO2 thin films reduced FFA and PV of used frying oil up to 67.10% and 79.15%, respectively. Photocatalytic activity of annealed TiO2 thin film was higher than as-deposited TiO2 thin film. The results indicated that TiO2 thin film photocatalyst potential as the new alternative method to purify used frying oil. Copyright © 2016 BCREC GROUP. All rights reserved
Received: 23rd January 2016; Revised: 17th April 2016; Accepted: 7th June 2016
How to Cite: Kaltsum, U., Kurniawan, A.F., Nurhasanah, I., Priyono, P. (2016). Reduction of Peroxide Value and Free Fatty Acid Value of Used Frying Oil Using TiO2 Thin Film Photocatalyst. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 11 (3): 369-375 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.11.3.577.369-375)
Permalink/DOI: http://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.3.577.369-375
Article Metrics:
- Behrman, E., Jang, G.V. (2005). Cholesterol and Plants. Journal of Chemical Education, 82 (12): 1791-1793
- Zahir, E., Saeed, R., Abdul, H.M, Yousuf, A. (2014). Study of physicochemical properties of edible oil and evaluation of frying oil quality by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, Article In Press.
- Gebhardt, B. (1996). Oils and Fats in Snack Foods. New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
- Soh, K.H., Soo, M.C., Yuen, M.C. (2006). Oxidative Stability and Storage Behavior of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Derived from Used Palm Oil. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 83: 947-952.
- Bhattacharya, A.B., Sajilata, M.G., Tiwari, S.R., Singhal, R. (2008). Regeneration of Thermally Polymerized Frying Oils with Adsorbents. Food Chemistry, 110: 562-570.
- Chiang, Y.F., Shaw, H.M., Yang, M.F. Huang, C.Y., Hsieh, C.H., Chao, P.M. (2011). Dietary Oxidised Frying Oil Causes Oxidative Damage of Pancreatic Islets and Impairment of Insulin Secretion, Effects Associated with Vitamin E Deficiency. British Journal of Nutrition, 105: 1311-1319.
- Chun, Y.N., Yusof, K., Othman, Zakiah, J., Hj.Mohd, S.Q., Kamsiah, J. (2012). Involvement of Inflammation and Adverse Vascular Remodelling in the Blood Pressure Raising Effect of Repeatedly Heated Palm Oil in Rats. International Journal of Vascular Medicine, Article ID 404025.
- Kummerow, F.A. (2013). Interaction between Sphingomyelin and OxysterolsContributes to Atherosclerosis and Sudden Death. American Journal of Cardiovascular Desease, 3: 17-26.
- Chopra, M., Schrenk, D. (2011). Dioxintoxicity, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling, and Apoptosis-Persistent Pollutants Affect Programmed Cell Death. Critical Review in Toxycology, 41(4): 292-320.
- Wannahari, R., Nordin, M.F.N. (2012a). Reduction of Peroxide Value in Used Palm Cooking Oil Using Bagasse Adsorbent. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 2(1): 185-191.
- Wannahari, R., Nordin, M.F.N. (2012b). The Recovery of Used Palm Cooking Oil Using Bagasse as Adsorbent. American Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 5(1): 59-62.
- Somnuk, C., Bhundit, I., Chanin, T. (2013). Cytotoxicity of Used Frying Oil Recovered by Different Adsorbents. Kasetsart Journal, 47: 874-884.
- Jungro, Y., Byung, S.H., Yun, C.K., Kong, H.K., Mun, Y.J., Yung, A.K. (2000). Purification of Used Frying Oil by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction. Food Chemistry, 71(2): 275-279.
- Sobczynski, A., Dobosz, A. (2001). Water Purification by Photocatalysis on Semiconductors. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 10(4): 195-205.
- Cathy, M., Jeanette, M.C.R., Detlef, W.B., Peter, K.J.R. (2007). The Application of TiO2 Photocatalysis for Disinfection of Water Contaminated with Pathogenic Micro-Organisms: A Review. Research on Chemical Intermediates, 33(3): 359-375.
- Miller, R., Fox, R. (1993). Treatment of Organic Contaminants in Air by Photocatalytic Oxidation: A Commercialization Perspective, in: Photocatalytic Purification and Treatment of Water and Air. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on TiO2, 573-578. D. Ollis, H. Al-Ekabi, (ed:) International Conference on TiO2.
- Charp, O., Huisman, C.L., Reller, A. (2004). Photoinduced Reactivity of Titanium Dioxide. Progress in Solid State Chemistry, 32: 33-177.
- Luan, X., Wang, Y. (2014). Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Ag/Bamboo-Type TiO2 Nanotube Composite Electrodes for Methylene Blue Degradation. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 25: 43-51.
- Oja, A.I, Kiisk, V., Krunks, M., Sildos, I., Junolainen, A., Danilson, M., Mere, A., Mikli, V. (2012). Characterization of Samarium and Nitrogen Co-Doped TiO2 Films by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis Prepared. Applied Surface Science, 261: 735-741.
- Senain, I., Nayan, N., Saim, H. (2010). Structural and Electrical Properties of TiO2 Thin Film Derived from Sol-Gel Method Using Titanium (IV) Butoxide. International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 2(3): 29-35.
- Hanini, F., Bouabellou, A., Bouachiba, Y., Kermiche, F., Taabouche, A., Hemissi, M., Lakhdar, D. (2013). Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of TiO2 Thin Films Synthesized by Sol-Gel Technique. IOSR Journal of Engineering, 3(6): 21-28.
- Benhaoha, B., Rahal, A.,Benramache, S. (2014). The Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Nanocrystalline ZnO:Al Thin Films. Superlattices and Microstructures, 68: 38-47.
- Eiamchai, E., Pongpan, C., Artorn, P., and Pichet, L. (2009). A Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Study of TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by Ion-Assisted Electron-Beam Evaporation. Current Applied Physics, 9(3): 707–712.
- Agbo, P.E., Nnabuchi, M.N., Onogu, K.O. (2012). Effect of Annealing on the Thickness and Band Gap of Novel Core-Shell Crystalline Thin Film. Journal of Ovonic Research, 8(5): 127-134.
- Tian, G.L., He, H.B., Shao, J.D. (2005). Effect of Microstructure of TiO2 Thin Films on Optical Band Gap Energy. Chinese Physical Society, 22(7): 1787-1789.
- Habib, M.P., Woo, Y.K., Kwang, D.J., Oh-Shim, J. (2005). A Chemical Route to Room-Temperature Synthesis of Nanocrystalline TiO2 Thin Films. Applied Surface Science, 246: 72-76.
- Kraeutler, B., Bard, A.J., (1978). Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Synthesis of Methane from Acetic Acid - New Kolbe Reaction Pathway. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 100 (7): 2239-2240.
- Lin, C.P., Chen, H., Nakaruk, A., Koshy, P., Sorrell, C.C. (2013). Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Thin Films. Energy Procedia, 34: 627-636.
- Peerakiatkhajorn, P., Chawengkijwanich, C., Onreabroy, W., Chiarakorn, S. (2012). Novel Photocatalytic Ag/TiO2 Thin Film on Polyvinyl Chloride for Gaseous BTEX Treatment. Materials Science Forum, 712: 133-145.
- Paz, Y., Heller, A. (1997). Photo-Oxidatively Self-Cleaning Transparent Titanium Dioxide Films on Soda Lime Glass: The Deleterious Effect of Sodium Contamination and Its Prevention. Journal of Material Research, 12: 2759-2766.
Last update: 2021-01-17 16:05:27
Last update: 2021-01-17 16:05:28
Journal Author(s) Rights
In order for BCREC Group to publish and disseminate research articles, we need publishing rights (transfered from author(s) to publisher). This is determined by a publishing agreement between the Author(s) and BCREC Group. This agreement deals with the transfer or license of the copyright of publishing to BCREC Group, while Authors still retain significant rights to use and share their own published articles. BCREC Group supports the need for authors to share, disseminate and maximize the impact of their research and these rights, in any databases.
As a journal Author, you have rights for a large range of uses of your article, including use by your employing institute or company. These Author rights can be exercised without the need to obtain specific permission. Authors publishing in BCREC journals have wide rights to use their works for teaching and scholarly purposes without needing to seek permission, including:
- use for classroom teaching by Author or Author's institution and presentation at a meeting or conference and distributing copies to attendees;
- use for internal training by author's company;
- distribution to colleagues for their reseearch use;
- use in a subsequent compilation of the author's works;
- inclusion in a thesis or dissertation;
- reuse of portions or extracts from the article in other works (with full acknowledgement of final article);
- preparation of derivative works (other than commercial purposes) (with full acknowledgement of final article);
- voluntary posting on open web sites operated by author or author’s institution for scholarly purposes,
Authors/Readers/Third Parties can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, as well as remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, but they must give appropriate credit (the name of the creator and attribution parties (authors detail information), a copyright notice, an open access license notice, a disclaimer notice, and a link to the material), provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made (Publisher indicates the modification of the material (if any) and retain an indication of previous modifications using a CrossMark Policy and information about Erratum-Corrigendum notification).
Authors/Readers/Third Parties can read, print and download, redistribute or republish the article (e.g. display in a repository), translate the article, download for text and data mining purposes, reuse portions or extracts from the article in other works, sell or re-use for commercial purposes, remix, transform, or build upon the material, they must distribute their contributions under the same license as the original Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA).
Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (Publishing Right)
The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright for publishing (publishing right) of the article shall be assigned/transferred to Publisher of Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis journal and Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University/Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) (or BCREC Group).
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (CTAP)'. An e-mail will be sent to the Corresponding Author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing' form by online version of this agreement.
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis journal and Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University/Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia-Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS), the Editors and the Advisory International Editorial Board make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in the Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis are sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors and advertisers.
Remember, even though we ask for a transfer of copyright for publishing (CTAP), our journal Author(s) retain (or are granted back) significant scholarly rights as mentioned before.
The Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (CTAP) Form can be downloaded here: [Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (CTAP) Form BCREC 2020]
The copyright form should be signed electronically and send to the Editorial Office in the form of original e-mail below:
Prof. Dr. I. Istadi (Editor-in-Chief)
Editorial Office of Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Laboratory of Plasma-Catalysis (R3.5), UPT Laboratorium Terpadu, Universitas Diponegoro
Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia 50275
Telp/Whatsapp: +62-81-316426342
E-mail: bcrec[at]live.undip.ac.id
(This policy statements has been updated at 24th December 2020)