DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.14.2.4257.459-467

Effects of Ion Exchange Process on Catalyst Activity and Plasma-Assisted Reactor Toward Cracking of Palm Oil into Biofuels

Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Received: 29 Jan 2019; Revised: 9 Apr 2019; Accepted: 10 Apr 2019; Available online: 30 Apr 2019; Published: 1 Aug 2019.
Editor(s): Andri Kumoro
Open Access Copyright (c) 2019 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Cover Image
Abstract

Biofuels can be produced through a conventional catalytic cracking system and/or a hybrid catalytic-plasma cracking system. This paper was focused on studying effect of Na+ ion exchange to HY-Zeolite catalyst on catalyst performance to convert palm oil into biofuels over a conventional continuous fixed bed catalytic cracking reactor and comparing the catalytic cracking performance when carried out in a continuous hybrid catalytic-plasma reactor. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Bruneuer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area methods. The biofuels product were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the hydrocarbons composition of biofuels product. From the results, ion exchange process of Na+ into HY-Zeolite catalyst decreases the catalyst activity due to decreasing the number of active sites caused by blocking of Na+ ion. The selectivity to gasoline ranges achieved 34.25% with 99.11% total conversion when using HY catalyst over conventional continuous fixed bed reactor system. Unfortunately, the selectivity to gasoline ranges decreased to 13.96% and the total conversion decrease slightly to 98.06% when using NaY-Zeolite catalyst. As comparison when the cracking reaction was carried out in a hybrid catalytic-plasma reactor using a spent residual catalytic cracking (RCC) catalyst, the high energetics electron from plasma can improve the reactor performance, where the conversion and yield were increased and the selectivity to lower ranges of hydrocarbons was increased. However, the last results were potential to be intensively studied with respect to relation between reactor temperature and plasma-assisted catalytic reactor parameters. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

 

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: catalytic-cracking; palm oil; hybrid catalytic-plasma reactor; biofuels
Funding: Research Institution and Community Service, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia for the financial support received under the research project of Riset Publikasi Internasional Bereputasi Tinggi

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: The 3rd International Conference on Chemical and Material Engineering 2018 (ICCME 2018)
Language : EN
Recent articles
Preparation, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity of Tin (Antimony) Substituted and Lacunar Dawson Phosphotungstomolybdates for Synthesis of Adipic Acid A Performance Study of Home-Made Co-Immobilized Lipase from Mucor miehei in Polyurethane Foam on The Hydrolysis of Coconut Oil to Fatty Acid Evaluation of Low Cost-Activated Carbon Produced from Waste Tyres Pyrolysis for Removal of 2-Chlorophenol Synthesis of Chitosan/Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Stabilized by Chitosan via Microwave Heating Effects of Ion Exchange Process on Catalyst Activity and Plasma-Assisted Reactor Toward Cracking of Palm Oil into Biofuels Kinetic Study of Saponin Extraction from Sapindus rarak DC by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Methods Author Guideline (2019) Frontmatter (Front Cover, Editorial Team, Indexing, and Table of Contents) More recent articles
  1. Giampietro, M., Ulgiati, S., Pimentel, D. (1997). Feasibility of large-scale biofuel production. BioScience, 47(9): 587-600
  2. Leng, T.Y., Mohamed, A.R., Bhatia, S. (1999). Catalytic conversion of palm oil to fuels and chemicals. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 77(1): 156-162
  3. Tamunaidu, P., Bathia, S. (2007). Catalytic cracking of palm oil for the production of biofuels: Optimization studies. Bioresource Technology, 98(18): 3593-3601
  4. Chew, T.L., Bathia, S. (2008). Catalytic processes towards the production of biofuels in a palm oil and oil palm biomass-based biorefinery. Bioresource Technology, 99(17): 7911-7922
  5. Setiadi, S., Benny, A.W. (2006). Catalist Performance of Syntetic Zeolite ZSM-5–Al2O­3 in Cracking Reaction of Palm Oil to Become Gasoline Fraction of Hydrocarbon. Jurnal Zeolit Indonesia, 5(2): 89-95
  6. Ong, Y.K., Bhatia, S. (2010). The current status and perspectives of biofuel production via catalytic cracking of edible and non-edible oils. Energy, 35(1): 111-119
  7. Demirbas, A. (2009). Progress and recent trends in biodiesel fuels. Energy Conversion and Management, 50(1): 14-34
  8. Tanabe, K., Misono, M., Ono, Y., Hattori, H. (1989). New Solid Acids and Bases Their Catalytic Properties. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo and Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam
  9. Idem, R.O., Katikaneni, S.P.R., Bakhshi, N.N. (1997). Catalytic conversion of canola ol to fuels and chemicals: roles of catalyst acidity, bacsicity and shape selectivity on product distribution. Fuel Processing Technology, 51(1-2): 101-125
  10. Dandik, L., Aksoy, H.A. (1998). Pyrolysis of used sunflower oil in the presence of sodium carbonate by using fractionating pyrolysis reactor. Fuel Processing Technology, 57(2): 81-92
  11. Da Mota, S.A.P., Mancio, A.A., Lhamas, D.E.L., de Abreu, D.H., da Silva, M.S., dos Santos, W.G., de Castro, D.A.R., de Oliveira, R.M., Araujo, M.E., Borges, L.E.P., Machado, N.T. (2014). Production of green diesel by thermal catalytic cracking of crude palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) in a pilot plant. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 110: 1-11
  12. Mancio, A.A., da Costa, K.M.B., Ferreira, C.C., Santos, M.C., Lhamas, D.E.L., da Monta, S.A.P., Leao, R.A.C., de Souza, R.O.M.A., Araujo, M.E., Borges, L.E.P., Machado, N.T. (2016). Thermal catalytic cracking of crude palm oil at pilot scale: Effect of the percentage of Na2CO3 on the quality of biofuels. Industrial Crops and Products, 91: 32-43
  13. Junming, X., Jianchun, J., Jie, C., Yunjuan, S. (2010). Biofuel production from catalytic cracking of woody oils. Bioresource Technology, 101(14): 5586-5591
  14. Li, H., Shen, B., Kabalu, J.C., Nchare, M. (2009). Enhancing the production biofuels from cottonseed oil by fixed-fluidized bed catalytic cracking. Renewable Energy, 34(4): 1033-1039
  15. Ahmad, M., Farhana, R., Rahman, A.A.A., Bhargava, S.K. (2016). Synthesis and activity evaluation of heterometallic nano oxides integrated ZSM-5 catalyst for palm oil cracking to produce biogasoline. Energy Conversion and Management, 119: 352-360
  16. Jahanmiri, A., Rahimpour, M.R., Mohamadzadeh Shirazi, M., Hooshmand, N., Taghvaei, H. (2012). Naphtha cracking through a pulsed DBD plasma reactor: effect of applied voltage, pulse repetition frequency and electrode material. Chemical Engineering Journal, 191: 416-425
  17. Khani, M.R., Barzoki, S.H.R., Yaghmaee, M.S., Hosseini, S.I., Shariat, M., Shokri, B., Fakhari, A.R., Nojavan, S., Tabani, H., Ghaedian, M. (2011). Investigation of cracking by cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge reactor on the n-hexadecane as a model compound. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 39(9): 1807-1813
  18. Prieto, G., Okumoto, M., Takashima, K., Mizuno, A., Prieto, O., Gay, C.R. (2001). A plate-to-plate plasma reactor as a fuel processor for hydrogen-rich gas production. In Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 36th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.01CH37248), 1099-1102. Chicago, IL, USA
  19. Matsui, Y., Kawakami, S., Takashima, K., Katsura, S., Mizuno, A. (2005). Liquid-phase fuel reforming at room temperature using non-thermal plasma. Energy Fuels, 19 (4): 1561-1565
  20. Istadi, I., Yudhistira, A. D., Anggoro, D. D., Buchori, L. (2014). Electro-catalysis system for biodiesel synthesis from palm oil over dielectric-barrier discharge plasma reactor. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 9(2): 111-120. (doi: 10.9767/bcrec.9.2.6090.111-120)
  21. Alwash, A.H., Abdullah, A.Z., Ismail, N. (2013). TiO2-Zeolite Y prepared using impregnation and ion-exchange method for sonocatalytic degradation of amaranth dye in aqueous solution. International journal of Chemidal, Molecular, Nuclear, Material and Metallurgical Engineering, 7(6): 375-383
  22. Treacy, M.M.J., Higgins, J.B. (2001). Collection of Simulated XRD Powder Patterns for Zeolites. Elsevier, Amsterdam
  23. Adeoye, J.B., Omoleye, J.A., Ojewumi, M.E., Babalola, R. (2017). Synthesis of Zeolite Y from Kaolin Using Novel Method of Dealumination. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 12(5): 755-760
  24. Handoko, D.S.P. (2009). Aktivitas Katalis Ni/Zeolit Pada Konversi Katalitik Metil Ester Minyak Goreng Jelantah (MEWCO) Pada Temperatur 450 C menjadi Senyawa Fraksi Bahan Bakar. Jurnal Ilmu Dasar, 8(1): 1-13
  25. Wijanarko, A., Mawardi, D.A., Nasikin, M. (2006). Produksi Biogasoline dari Minyak Sawit melalui Reaksi Perengkahan Katalitik dengan Katalis g-Alumina. Makara Teknologi, 10(2): 51-60
  26. Rahayu, P.A. (2012). Konversi Minyak Sawit Menjadi Biogasoline Menggunakan Katalis Ni/Zeolite Alam. Skripsi, Jurusan Kimia, Universitas Negeri Semarang
  27. Yigezu, Z.D., Muthukumar, K. (2015). Biofuel production by catalytic cracking of sunflower oil using vanadium pentoxide. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 112: 341-347
  28. Sriningsih, W., Saerodji, M.G., Trisunaryanti, W., Triyono, A.R., Falah, I.I. (2014). Fuel production from LDPE plastic waste over natural zeolite supported Ni, Ni-Mo, Co and Co-Mo. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 20: 215-224
  29. Seo, Y.H., Lee, K.H., Shin, D.H. (2003). Investigation of catalytic degradation of high density, polyethylene by hydrocarbon group type analysis. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 70(2): 383-398
  30. Konwer, D., Taylor, S.E., Gordon, B.E, Otvos, J.W., Calvin, M. (1989). Liquid fuels from Mesua ferrea L. seed oil. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 66(2): 223-226

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.