Reusability and Stability Tests of Calcium Oxide Based Catalyst (K2O/CaO-ZnO) for Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel

Istadi Istadi; Udin Mabruro; Bintang Ayu Kalimantini; Luqman Buchori; Didi Dwi Anggoro

doi:10.9767/bcrec.11.1.413.34-39

DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.1.413.34-39

Reusability and Stability Tests of Calcium Oxide Based Catalyst (K2O/CaO-ZnO) for Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel

Istadi Istadi , Udin Mabruro, Bintang Ayu Kalimantini, Luqman Buchori, Didi Dwi Anggoro

Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH, Kampus Undip Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia

Received: 10 Nov 2015; Revised: 16 Jan 2016; Accepted: 16 Jan 2016; Available online: 10 Mar 2016; Published: 1 Apr 2016.

Editor(s): BCREC JM

Citation Format:

Abstract

This paper was purposed for testing reusability and stability of calcium oxide-based catalyst (K₂O/CaO-ZnO) over transesterification reaction of soybean oil with methanol to produce biodiesel. The K₂O/CaO-ZnO catalyst was synthesized by co-precipitation method of calcium and zinc nitrates followed by impregnation of potassium nitrate. The fresh and used catalysts were tested after regeneration. The catalysts were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and BET Surface Area in order to compare the catalyst structure between the fresh and used catalysts. The catalyst testing in transesterification proses was carried out at following operating conditions, i.e. catalyst weight of 6 wt.%, oil to methanol mole ratio of 1:15, and temperature of 60 oC. In addition, metal oxide leaching of K₂O/CaO-ZnO catalyst during reaction was also tested. From the results, the catalysts exhibited high catalytic activity (80% fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield after three-cycles of usage) and acceptable reusability after regeneration. The catalyst also showed acceptable stability of catalytic activity, even after three-cycles of usage.

Fulltext View|Download

Keywords: K2O/CaO-ZnO; biodiesel production; transesterification process; reusability; stability

Article Metrics:

Article Info

Section: The 2nd International Conference on Chemical and Material Engineering 2015

In 2016: BCREC Volume 11 Issue 1 Year 2016 (April 2016)

Recent articles

Selective Hydrogenation of Biomass-derived Furfural over Supported Ni3Sn2 Alloy: Role of Supports Application of Tin(II) Chloride Catalyst for High FFA Jatropha Oil Esterification in Continuous Reactive Distillation Column Visible Light Photocatalytic Properties of Modified Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles via Aluminium Treatment Application of Al/B/Fe2O3 Nano Thermite in Composite Solid Propellant Controlled Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Double Reductants and Its Voltammetric Characteristics Study The Catalytic Degradation Performance of α-FeOOH Doped with Silicon on Methyl Orange Back-matter Front-matter Preface, BCREC Vol. 11 No. 1 Year 2016 More recent articles

Islam, A., Taufiq-Yap, Y.H., Chan, E.-S., Moniruzzaman, M., Islam, Islam, Nabi, M.N. (2014). Advances in solid-catalytic and non-catalytic technologies for biodiesel production, Energy Convers. Manag., 88: 1200-1218
Shajaratun Nur, Z.A., Taufiq-Yap, Y.H., Rabiah Nizah, M.F., Teo, S.H., Syazwani, O.N., Islam, A. (2014). Production of biodiesel from palm oil using modified Malaysian natural dolomites, Energy Convers. Manag., 78: 738-744
Lee, H.V., Taufiq-Yap, Y.H., Hussein, M.Z., Yunus, R. (2013). Transesterification of jatropha oil with methanol over Mg-Zn mixed metal oxide catalysts, Energy, 49: 12-18
Rabiah Nizah, M.F., Taufiq-Yap, Y.H., Rashid, U., Teo, S.H., Shajaratun Nur, Z.A., Islam, A. (2014). Production of biodiesel from non-edible Jatropha curcas oil via transesterification using Bi2O3-La2O3 catalyst, Energy Convers. Manag., 88: 1257-1262
Taufiq-Yap, Y.H., Lee, H.V., Yunus, R., Juan, J.C. (2011). Transesterification of non-edible Jatropha curcas oil to biodiesel using binary Ca-Mg mixed oxide catalyst: Effect of stoichiometric composition, Chem. Eng. J., 178: 342-347
Teo, S.H., Rashid, U., Taufiq-Yap, Y.H. (2014). Biodiesel production from crude Jatropha Curcas oil using calcium based mixed oxide catalysts, Fuel, 136: 244-252
Istadi, I., Prasetyo, S.A., Nugroho, T.S. (2015). Characterization of K2O/CaO-ZnO Catalyst for Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel, Procedia Environ. Sci., 23: 394-399
Azis, A., Maulana, A.Y. (2014). Effect of Composition Ratio on Heterogeneous Solid Catalyst Synthesis of K2O/CaO-ZnO for Biodiesel Production from Soybean Oil, Undergraduate Thesis, Diponegoro University, 2014 (In Indonesian)
Liao, C.-C., Chung, T.-W. (2013). Optimization of process conditions using response surface methodology for the microwave-assisted transesterification of Jatropha oil with KOH impregnated CaO as catalyst, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 91: 2457-2464
Tang, Y., Xu, J., Zhang, J., Y. Lu, Biodiesel production from vegetable oil by using modified CaO as solid basic catalysts, J. Clean. Prod., 42: 198-203
Taufiq-Yap, Y.H., Lee, H.V., Hussein, M.Z., Yunus, R. (2011). Calcium-based mixed oxide catalysts for methanolysis of Jatropha curcas oil to biodiesel, Biomass Bioenergy, 35: 827-834
Mutreja, V., Singh, S., Ali, A. (2014). Potassium impregnated nanocrystalline mixed oxides of La and Mg as heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification, Biomass Bioenergy, 62: 226-233
Niju, S., Meera Sheriffa Begum, K.M., Anantharaman, N. (2014). Enhancement of biodiesel synthesis over highly active CaO derived from natural white bivalve clam shell, Arabian J. Chem.,
doi: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.06.006

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Journal Author(s) Rights

In order for BCREC Group to publish and disseminate research articles, we need non-exclusive publishing rights (transfered from author(s) to publisher). This is determined by a publishing agreement between the Author(s) and BCREC Group. This agreement deals with the transfer or license of the copyright of publishing to BCREC Group, while Authors still retain significant rights to use and share their own published articles. BCREC Group supports the need for authors to share, disseminate and maximize the impact of their research and these rights, in any databases.

As a journal Author, you have rights for a large range of uses of your article, including use by your employing institute or company. These Author rights can be exercised without the need to obtain specific permission. Authors publishing in BCREC journals have wide rights to use their works for teaching and scholarly purposes without needing to seek permission, including:

use for classroom teaching by Author or Author's institution and presentation at a meeting or conference and distributing copies to attendees;
use for internal training by author's company;
distribution to colleagues for their reseearch use;
use in a subsequent compilation of the author's works;
inclusion in a thesis or dissertation;
reuse of portions or extracts from the article in other works (with full acknowledgement of final article);
preparation of derivative works (other than commercial purposes) (with full acknowledgement of final article);
voluntary posting on open web sites operated by author or author’s institution for scholarly purposes,

(but it should follow the open access license of Creative Common CC-by-SA License).

Authors/Readers/Third Parties can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, as well as remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, but they must give appropriate credit (the name of the creator and attribution parties (authors detail information), a copyright notice, an open access license notice, a disclaimer notice, and a link to the material), provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made (Publisher indicates the modification of the material (if any) and retain an indication of previous modifications using a CrossMark Policy and information about Erratum-Corrigendum notification).

Authors/Readers/Third Parties can read, print and download, redistribute or republish the article (e.g. display in a repository), translate the article, download for text and data mining purposes, reuse portions or extracts from the article in other works, sell or re-use for commercial purposes, remix, transform, or build upon the material, they must distribute their contributions under the same license as the original Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA).

Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (Publishing Right)

The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, non-exclusive right for publishing (publishing right) of the article shall be assigned/transferred to Publisher of Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis journal and Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University/Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) (or BCREC Group).

Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (CTAP)'. An e-mail will be sent to the Corresponding Author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing' form by online version of this agreement.

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis journal and Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University/Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia-Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS), the Editors and the Advisory International Editorial Board make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in the Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis are sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors and advertisers.

Remember, even though we ask for a transfer of copyright for publishing (CTAP), our journal Author(s) retain (or are granted back) significant scholarly rights as mentioned before.

The Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (CTAP) Form can be downloaded here: [Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (CTAP) Form BCREC 2020]

The copyright form should be signed electronically and send to the Editorial Office in the form of original e-mail below:

Prof. Dr. I. Istadi (Editor-in-Chief)
Editorial Office of Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Laboratory of Plasma-Catalysis (R3.5), UPT Laboratorium Terpadu, Universitas Diponegoro
Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia 50275
Telp/Whatsapp: +62-81-316426342
E-mail: bcrec[at]live.undip.ac.id

(This policy statements has been updated at 24th December 2020)