Reusability and Stability Tests of Calcium Oxide Based Catalyst (K2O/CaO-ZnO) for Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel

*Istadi Istadi -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH, Kampus Undip Tembalang, Semarang 50275,, Indonesia
Udin Mabruro -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH, Kampus Undip Tembalang, Semarang 50275,, Indonesia
Bintang Ayu Kalimantini -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH, Kampus Undip Tembalang, Semarang 50275,, Indonesia
Luqman Buchori -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH, Kampus Undip Tembalang, Semarang 50275,, Indonesia
Didi Dwi Anggoro -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH, Kampus Undip Tembalang, Semarang 50275,, Indonesia
Received: 10 Nov 2015; Revised: 16 Jan 2016; Accepted: 16 Jan 2016; Published: 1 Apr 2016; Available online: 10 Mar 2016.
Open Access Copyright (c) 2016 Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Citation Format:
Cover Image
Article Info
Section: The 2nd International Conference on Chemical and Material Engineering 2015
Full Text:
In 2016: BCREC Volume 11 Issue 1 Year 2016 (SCOPUS and Web of Science Indexed, April 2016)
Statistics: 1020 380

Abstract

This paper was purposed for testing reusability and stability of calcium oxide-based catalyst (K2O/CaO-ZnO) over transesterification reaction of soybean oil with methanol to produce biodiesel. The K2O/CaO-ZnO catalyst was synthesized by co-precipitation method of calcium and zinc nitrates followed by impregnation of potassium nitrate. The fresh and used catalysts were tested after regeneration. The catalysts were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and BET Surface Area in order to compare the catalyst structure between the fresh and used catalysts. The catalyst testing in transesterification proses was carried out at following operating conditions, i.e. catalyst weight of 6 wt.%, oil to methanol mole ratio of 1:15, and temperature of 60 oC. In addition, metal oxide leaching of K2O/CaO-ZnO catalyst during reaction was also tested. From the results, the catalysts exhibited high catalytic activity (80% fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield after three-cycles of usage) and acceptable reusability after regeneration. The catalyst also showed acceptable stability of catalytic activity, even after three-cycles of usage. Copyright © 2016 BCREC GROUP. All rights reserved

Received: 10th November 2015; Revised: 16th January 2016; Accepted: 16th January 2016

How to Cite: Istadi, I., Mabruro, U., Kalimantini, B.A.,  Buchori, L., Anggoro, D.D. (2016). Reusability and Stability Tests of Calcium Oxide Based Catalyst (K2O/CaO-ZnO) for Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 11 (1): 34-39. (doi:10.9767/bcrec.11.1.413.34-39)

Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.1.413.34-39

Article Metrics: (click on the button below to see citations in Scopus)

cited by count 

Keywords
K2O/CaO-ZnO; biodiesel production; transesterification process; reusability; stability

Article Metrics:

  1. Islam, A., Taufiq-Yap, Y.H., Chan, E.-S., Moniruzzaman, M., Islam, Islam, Nabi, M.N. (2014). Advances in solid-catalytic and non-catalytic technologies for biodiesel production, Energy Convers. Manag., 88: 1200-1218.
  2. Shajaratun Nur, Z.A., Taufiq-Yap, Y.H., Rabiah Nizah, M.F., Teo, S.H., Syazwani, O.N., Islam, A. (2014). Production of biodiesel from palm oil using modified Malaysian natural dolomites, Energy Convers. Manag., 78: 738-744.
  3. Lee, H.V., Taufiq-Yap, Y.H., Hussein, M.Z., Yunus, R. (2013). Transesterification of jatropha oil with methanol over Mg-Zn mixed metal oxide catalysts, Energy, 49: 12-18.
  4. Rabiah Nizah, M.F., Taufiq-Yap, Y.H., Rashid, U., Teo, S.H., Shajaratun Nur, Z.A., Islam, A. (2014). Production of biodiesel from non-edible Jatropha curcas oil via transesterification using Bi2O3-La2O3 catalyst, Energy Convers. Manag., 88: 1257-1262.
  5. Taufiq-Yap, Y.H., Lee, H.V., Yunus, R., Juan, J.C. (2011). Transesterification of non-edible Jatropha curcas oil to biodiesel using binary Ca-Mg mixed oxide catalyst: Effect of stoichiometric composition, Chem. Eng. J., 178: 342-347.
  6. Teo, S.H., Rashid, U., Taufiq-Yap, Y.H. (2014). Biodiesel production from crude Jatropha Curcas oil using calcium based mixed oxide catalysts, Fuel, 136: 244-252.
  7. Istadi, I., Prasetyo, S.A., Nugroho, T.S. (2015). Characterization of K2O/CaO-ZnO Catalyst for Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel, Procedia Environ. Sci., 23: 394-399.
  8. Azis, A., Maulana, A.Y. (2014). Effect of Composition Ratio on Heterogeneous Solid Catalyst Synthesis of K2O/CaO-ZnO for Biodiesel Production from Soybean Oil, Undergraduate Thesis, Diponegoro University, 2014 (In Indonesian).
  9. Liao, C.-C., Chung, T.-W. (2013). Optimization of process conditions using response surface methodology for the microwave-assisted transesterification of Jatropha oil with KOH impregnated CaO as catalyst, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 91: 2457-2464.
  10. Tang, Y., Xu, J., Zhang, J., Y. Lu, Biodiesel production from vegetable oil by using modified CaO as solid basic catalysts, J. Clean. Prod., 42: 198-203.
  11. Taufiq-Yap, Y.H., Lee, H.V., Hussein, M.Z., Yunus, R. (2011). Calcium-based mixed oxide catalysts for methanolysis of Jatropha curcas oil to biodiesel, Biomass Bioenergy, 35: 827-834.
  12. Mutreja, V., Singh, S., Ali, A. (2014). Potassium impregnated nanocrystalline mixed oxides of La and Mg as heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification, Biomass Bioenergy, 62: 226-233.
  13. Niju, S., Meera Sheriffa Begum, K.M., Anantharaman, N. (2014). Enhancement of biodiesel synthesis over highly active CaO derived from natural white bivalve clam shell, Arabian J. Chem.,
  14. doi: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.06.006.

Copyright (c) 2016 Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

As a journal Author, you have rights for a large range of uses of your article, including use by your employing institute or company. These Author rights can be exercised without the need to obtain specific permission. 

Authors publishing in BCREC journals have wide rights to use their works for teaching and scholarly purposes without needing to seek permission, including: use for classroom teaching by Author or Author's institutionand presentation at a meeting or conference and distributing copies to attendees; use for internal training by author's company; distribution to colleagues for their reseearch use; use in a subsequent compilation of the author's works; inclusion in a thesis or dissertation; reuse of portions or extrcats from the article in other works (with full acknowledgement of final article); preparation of derivative works (other than commercial purposes) (with full acknowledgement of final article); voluntary posting on open web sites operated by author or author’s institution for scholarly purposes (follow CC by SA License).

Authors and readers can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, as well as remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, but they must give appropriate credit (cite to the article or content), provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.

Copyright Transfer Agreement

The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright publishing of the article shall be assigned to Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis journal and Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University as publisher of the journal.

Copyright encompasses exclusive rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all form and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations. The reproduction of any part of this journal, its storage in databases and its transmission by any form or media, such as electronic, electrostatic and mechanical copies, photocopies, recordings, magnetic media, etc., will be allowed only with a written permission from Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis journal and Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University.

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis journal and Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University, the Editors and the Advisory International Editorial Board make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in the Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis are sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors and advertisers.

Remember, even though we ask for a transfer of copyright, our journal authors retain (or are granted back) significant scholarly rights.

The Copyright Transfer Form can be downloaded here: [Copyright Transfer Form BCREC 2016] 


The copyright form should be signed originally and send to the Editorial Office in the form of original mail, scanned document or fax :  

Prof. Dr. I. Istadi (Editor-in-Chief)
Editorial Office of Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering and Catalysis
Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University
Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Kampus Undip Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia 50275
Telp.: +62-24-7460058, Fax.: +62-24-76480675
E-mail: bcrec[at]live.undip.ac.id