Reusability and Stability Tests of Calcium Oxide Based Catalyst (K2O/CaO-ZnO) for Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel

*Istadi Istadi  -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH, Kampus Undip Tembalang, Semarang 50275,, Indonesia
Udin Mabruro  -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH, Kampus Undip Tembalang, Semarang 50275,, Indonesia
Bintang Ayu Kalimantini  -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH, Kampus Undip Tembalang, Semarang 50275,, Indonesia
Luqman Buchori  -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH, Kampus Undip Tembalang, Semarang 50275,, Indonesia
Didi Dwi Anggoro  -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH, Kampus Undip Tembalang, Semarang 50275,, Indonesia
Received: 10 Nov 2015; Revised: 16 Jan 2016; Accepted: 16 Jan 2016; Published: 1 Apr 2016; Available online: 10 Mar 2016.
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Section: The 2nd International Conference on Chemical and Material Engineering 2015
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In 2016: BCREC Volume 11 Issue 1 Year 2016 (SCOPUS and Web of Science Indexed, April 2016)
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Abstract

This paper was purposed for testing reusability and stability of calcium oxide-based catalyst (K2O/CaO-ZnO) over transesterification reaction of soybean oil with methanol to produce biodiesel. The K2O/CaO-ZnO catalyst was synthesized by co-precipitation method of calcium and zinc nitrates followed by impregnation of potassium nitrate. The fresh and used catalysts were tested after regeneration. The catalysts were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and BET Surface Area in order to compare the catalyst structure between the fresh and used catalysts. The catalyst testing in transesterification proses was carried out at following operating conditions, i.e. catalyst weight of 6 wt.%, oil to methanol mole ratio of 1:15, and temperature of 60 oC. In addition, metal oxide leaching of K2O/CaO-ZnO catalyst during reaction was also tested. From the results, the catalysts exhibited high catalytic activity (80% fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield after three-cycles of usage) and acceptable reusability after regeneration. The catalyst also showed acceptable stability of catalytic activity, even after three-cycles of usage. Copyright © 2016 BCREC GROUP. All rights reserved

Received: 10th November 2015; Revised: 16th January 2016; Accepted: 16th January 2016

How to Cite: Istadi, I., Mabruro, U., Kalimantini, B.A.,  Buchori, L., Anggoro, D.D. (2016). Reusability and Stability Tests of Calcium Oxide Based Catalyst (K2O/CaO-ZnO) for Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 11 (1): 34-39. (doi:10.9767/bcrec.11.1.413.34-39)

Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.1.413.34-39

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Keywords
K2O/CaO-ZnO; biodiesel production; transesterification process; reusability; stability

Article Metrics:

  1. Islam, A., Taufiq-Yap, Y.H., Chan, E.-S., Moniruzzaman, M., Islam, Islam, Nabi, M.N. (2014). Advances in solid-catalytic and non-catalytic technologies for biodiesel production, Energy Convers. Manag., 88: 1200-1218.
  2. Shajaratun Nur, Z.A., Taufiq-Yap, Y.H., Rabiah Nizah, M.F., Teo, S.H., Syazwani, O.N., Islam, A. (2014). Production of biodiesel from palm oil using modified Malaysian natural dolomites, Energy Convers. Manag., 78: 738-744.
  3. Lee, H.V., Taufiq-Yap, Y.H., Hussein, M.Z., Yunus, R. (2013). Transesterification of jatropha oil with methanol over Mg-Zn mixed metal oxide catalysts, Energy, 49: 12-18.
  4. Rabiah Nizah, M.F., Taufiq-Yap, Y.H., Rashid, U., Teo, S.H., Shajaratun Nur, Z.A., Islam, A. (2014). Production of biodiesel from non-edible Jatropha curcas oil via transesterification using Bi2O3-La2O3 catalyst, Energy Convers. Manag., 88: 1257-1262.
  5. Taufiq-Yap, Y.H., Lee, H.V., Yunus, R., Juan, J.C. (2011). Transesterification of non-edible Jatropha curcas oil to biodiesel using binary Ca-Mg mixed oxide catalyst: Effect of stoichiometric composition, Chem. Eng. J., 178: 342-347.
  6. Teo, S.H., Rashid, U., Taufiq-Yap, Y.H. (2014). Biodiesel production from crude Jatropha Curcas oil using calcium based mixed oxide catalysts, Fuel, 136: 244-252.
  7. Istadi, I., Prasetyo, S.A., Nugroho, T.S. (2015). Characterization of K2O/CaO-ZnO Catalyst for Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel, Procedia Environ. Sci., 23: 394-399.
  8. Azis, A., Maulana, A.Y. (2014). Effect of Composition Ratio on Heterogeneous Solid Catalyst Synthesis of K2O/CaO-ZnO for Biodiesel Production from Soybean Oil, Undergraduate Thesis, Diponegoro University, 2014 (In Indonesian).
  9. Liao, C.-C., Chung, T.-W. (2013). Optimization of process conditions using response surface methodology for the microwave-assisted transesterification of Jatropha oil with KOH impregnated CaO as catalyst, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 91: 2457-2464.
  10. Tang, Y., Xu, J., Zhang, J., Y. Lu, Biodiesel production from vegetable oil by using modified CaO as solid basic catalysts, J. Clean. Prod., 42: 198-203.
  11. Taufiq-Yap, Y.H., Lee, H.V., Hussein, M.Z., Yunus, R. (2011). Calcium-based mixed oxide catalysts for methanolysis of Jatropha curcas oil to biodiesel, Biomass Bioenergy, 35: 827-834.
  12. Mutreja, V., Singh, S., Ali, A. (2014). Potassium impregnated nanocrystalline mixed oxides of La and Mg as heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification, Biomass Bioenergy, 62: 226-233.
  13. Niju, S., Meera Sheriffa Begum, K.M., Anantharaman, N. (2014). Enhancement of biodiesel synthesis over highly active CaO derived from natural white bivalve clam shell, Arabian J. Chem.,
  14. doi: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.06.006.

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