Preparation and Characterization of Anadara Granosa Shells and CaCO3 as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production
Copyright (c) 2016 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group
under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.
Nowadays, the use of homogenous catalyst has been gradually reduced for its operational reason. The homogenous catalyst leads in difficulty of separation after the process completed and the life cycle is shorter. Therefore, most of researches are introducing heterogenous catalyst for its substitution. This research was aimed to evaluate the use of shell of Anadara granosa and CaCO3 as source of CaO based catalyst through impregnation method. The preparation of the catalyst was started by decomposition of shells and CaCO3 at temperature of 800 oC for 3 hours, followed by impregnation at 70 oC for 4 hours and then calcined at 800 oC for 2 hours. The CaCO3 based catalyst gained high yield of biodiesel (94%) as compared to Anadara granoasa based catalyst (92%). The reusability study showed that these catalysts could be used until three times recycle with 40-60% yield of biodiesel. The CaO contents of catalyst decreased up to 90% after three times recycles.
Article Metrics:
- Lee, S.L., Wong, Y.C., Tan, Y.P., Yew, S.Y. (2015). Transesterification of palm oil to biodiesel by using waste obtuse horn shell-derived CaO catalyst. Energy Conversion and Management, 93: 282-288
- Nur, Z.A.S., Taufiq-Yap, Y.H., Nizah, M.F.R., Teo, S.H., Syazwani, O.N., Islam, A. (2014). Production of biodiesel from palm oil using modified Malaysian natural dolomites. Energy Conversion and Management, 78: 738-744
- Pasupulety, N., Gunda, K., Liu, Y., Garry, L., Rempel, Ng Flora, T.T. (2013). Production of biodiesel from soybean oil on CaO/Al2O3 solid base catalysts. Applied Catalysis A: General, 452: 189-202
- Boro, J., Deka, D., Thakur, A.J. (2012). A review on solid derived from waste shells as catalyst for biodiesel production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16: 904-910
- Viriya-empikul, N., Krasae, P., Puttasawat, B., Yoosuk, B., Chollacoop, N., Faungnawakij, K. (2010) Waste shell of mollusk and egg as biodiesel production catalysts. Bioresource Technology, 101: 3765-3766
- Jain, D., Khatri, C., Rani, A. (2011) Synthesis and characterization of novel solid base catalyst from fly ash. Fuel, 90, 2083-2088
- Ho, W.W.S, Ng, H.K., Gan, S., Tan, S.H. (2014). Evaluation of palm oil mill fly ash supported calcium oxide as a heterogeneous base catalyst in biodiesel synthesis from crude palm oil. Energy Conversion and Management, 88: 1167–1178
- Chakraborty, R., Bepari, S., Banejee, A. (2010) Transesterification of soybean oil catalyzed by fly ash and egg shell derived solid catalysts. Chemical Engineering Journal, 165: 798-805
- Liu, X., Piao, X., Wang, Y., Zhu, S. (2008) Calcium ethoxide as a solid base catalyst for the transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel. Energy & Fuels, 22:1313-1317
- Kouzu, M., Kasuno, T., Tajika, M., Yamanaka, S., Hidaka, J. (2008) Active phase of calcium oxide used as solid base catalyst for transesterification of soybean oil with refluxing methanol. Appl. Catal. A, 334: 357-365
Last update: 2021-07-28 13:21:43
Last update: 2021-07-28 13:21:43
under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.
Journal Author(s) Rights
In order for BCREC Group to publish and disseminate research articles, we need publishing rights (transfered from author(s) to publisher). This is determined by a publishing agreement between the Author(s) and BCREC Group. This agreement deals with the transfer or license of the copyright of publishing to BCREC Group, while Authors still retain significant rights to use and share their own published articles. BCREC Group supports the need for authors to share, disseminate and maximize the impact of their research and these rights, in any databases.
As a journal Author, you have rights for a large range of uses of your article, including use by your employing institute or company. These Author rights can be exercised without the need to obtain specific permission. Authors publishing in BCREC journals have wide rights to use their works for teaching and scholarly purposes without needing to seek permission, including:
- use for classroom teaching by Author or Author's institution and presentation at a meeting or conference and distributing copies to attendees;
- use for internal training by author's company;
- distribution to colleagues for their reseearch use;
- use in a subsequent compilation of the author's works;
- inclusion in a thesis or dissertation;
- reuse of portions or extracts from the article in other works (with full acknowledgement of final article);
- preparation of derivative works (other than commercial purposes) (with full acknowledgement of final article);
- voluntary posting on open web sites operated by author or author’s institution for scholarly purposes,
Authors/Readers/Third Parties can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, as well as remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, but they must give appropriate credit (the name of the creator and attribution parties (authors detail information), a copyright notice, an open access license notice, a disclaimer notice, and a link to the material), provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made (Publisher indicates the modification of the material (if any) and retain an indication of previous modifications using a CrossMark Policy and information about Erratum-Corrigendum notification).
Authors/Readers/Third Parties can read, print and download, redistribute or republish the article (e.g. display in a repository), translate the article, download for text and data mining purposes, reuse portions or extracts from the article in other works, sell or re-use for commercial purposes, remix, transform, or build upon the material, they must distribute their contributions under the same license as the original Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA).
Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (Publishing Right)
The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright for publishing (publishing right) of the article shall be assigned/transferred to Publisher of Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis journal and Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University/Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) (or BCREC Group).
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (CTAP)'. An e-mail will be sent to the Corresponding Author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing' form by online version of this agreement.
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis journal and Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University/Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia-Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS), the Editors and the Advisory International Editorial Board make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in the Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis are sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors and advertisers.
Remember, even though we ask for a transfer of copyright for publishing (CTAP), our journal Author(s) retain (or are granted back) significant scholarly rights as mentioned before.
The Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (CTAP) Form can be downloaded here: [Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (CTAP) Form BCREC 2020]
The copyright form should be signed electronically and send to the Editorial Office in the form of original e-mail below:
Prof. Dr. I. Istadi (Editor-in-Chief)
Editorial Office of Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Laboratory of Plasma-Catalysis (R3.5), UPT Laboratorium Terpadu, Universitas Diponegoro
Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia 50275
Telp/Whatsapp: +62-81-316426342
E-mail: bcrec[at]live.undip.ac.id
(This policy statements has been updated at 24th December 2020)
