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Cymbopogon nardus Mediated Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles for the Photocatalytic Degradation of 2,4-Dicholorophenoxyacetic Acid

1Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

2Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Malaysia–Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

3School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia

Received: 1 Oct 2018; Revised: 12 Nov 2018; Accepted: 12 Dec 2018; Available online: 25 Jan 2019; Published: 15 Apr 2019.
Editor(s): Asmida Ideris, Istadi Istadi
Open Access Copyright (c) 2019 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

Advanced extraction method such as simultaneous ultrasonic–hydrodistillation (UAE–HD) extraction method has been proved to increased extraction yield of plant material yet the application of this method in the preparation of metal nanoparticles has not been studied. In this study, Cymbopogon nardus (C.N) extracted via UAE-HD extraction method was used to synthesis silver (Ag) nanoparticles. XRD and TEM analysis confirms the formation of spherical shape Ag nanoparticles with size ranging between 10-50 nm. FTIR spectra suggest the presence of bioactive compounds in the C.N leaves extract that may responsible to the stabilization and reduction of Ag ions (Ag+) to metallic Ag nanoparticles (Ag0). The TPC analysis successfully proved that huge number of phenolic compound greatly involved in the nanoparticles synthesis process. Next, the catalytic activity of the synthesized Ag nanoparticles was tested towards the degradation of 2,4-Dicholorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide with remarkable degradation performance up to 98%. Kinetic study confirms that surface reaction was the controlling step of the catalytic process. 

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Keywords: Silver Nanoparticles; Cymbopogon nardus; Ultrasonic-hydrodistillation; 2,4-D herbicide
Funding: Ministry of Higher Education financial for the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (Grant No. RDU160154) and University Malaysia Pahang for the Internal University Grant (Grant No. RDU180383)

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