DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.14.2.3319.450-458

Synthesis of Chitosan/Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Stabilized by Chitosan via Microwave Heating

Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Highway Tun Razak, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

Received: 1 Oct 2018; Revised: 15 Feb 2019; Accepted: 15 Feb 2019; Available online: 30 Apr 2019; Published: 1 Aug 2019.
Editor(s): Asmida Ideris, Istadi Istadi
Open Access Copyright (c) 2019 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Cover Image
Abstract

Nowadays, zinc oxide (ZnO) has attracted attention in research and development because of its remarkable antibacterial properties. Chitosan/ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via microwave heating. The objectives of this work were to investigate the effect of stabilizer, power heating and time heating on size of chitosan/ZnO nanoparticles and to determine antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria, where chitosan was used as a stabilizing agent. Chitosan/ZnO nanoparticles were analyzed  by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Zetasizer instrument. The power heating and time heating were varied from 400 to 800 Watt and 4 to 8 minutes, respectively. The presence of chitosan has role on preventing the nanoparticles from agglomeration by producing a milky solution of chitosan/ZnO nanoparticles without any suspensions. The increase of power  and time heating improved the size of nanoparticles. The peak in FTIR spectrum at around 427 cm-1 was confirmed the existence of the ZnO phase. XRD patterns showed that the chitosan/ZnO nanoparticles materials were pure phase with average crystalline size is 130 nm. FESEM revealed that chitosan/ZnO nanoparticles were uniformly distributed with the mean value of size is 70 nm and spherical shaped. Further impact of power and time heating on the size of the chitosan/ZnO nanoparticles can be shown by a nanoparticles size distribution with the average of 30 to 90 nm. The results showed that chitosan/ZnO nanoparticles have displayed an antibacterial inhibition zone against Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli which 16.0 and 13.3 mm, respectively. Chitosan/ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized in this work presented have potential application to prevent bacterial infections. 

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: ZnO Nanoparticles; Chitosan; Microwave Heating; Stabilizer; Antibacterial
Funding: Ministry of Education, Malaysia, and Universiti Malaysia Pahang for financial support (RDU 150333)

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: The 4th International Conference of Chemical Engineering & Industrial Biotechnology (ICCEIB 2018)
Language : EN
Recent articles
Solid-phase Synthesis of Visible-light-driven BiVO4 Photocatalyst and Photocatalytic Reduction of Aqueous Cr(VI) Cyclohexanone Oxidation over H3PMo12O40 Heteropolyacid via Two Activation Modes Microwave Irradiation and Conventional Method Synthesis of Chitosan/Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Stabilized by Chitosan via Microwave Heating Evaluation of Low Cost-Activated Carbon Produced from Waste Tyres Pyrolysis for Removal of 2-Chlorophenol Effects of Ion Exchange Process on Catalyst Activity and Plasma-Assisted Reactor Toward Cracking of Palm Oil into Biofuels Kinetic Study of Saponin Extraction from Sapindus rarak DC by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Methods Author Guideline (2019) Backmatter (Publication Ethics, Copyright Transfer Agreement Form) More recent articles
  1. Cho, S., Jeong, H., Park, D., Jung, S., Kim, H., Lee, K. (2010). The effects of vitamin C on ZnO crystal formation. CrystEngComm, 12: 968–976
  2. Chaithanatkun, N., Chantarawong, D., Songkeaw, P., Onlaor, K., Thiwawong, T., Tunhoo, B. (2015). Effect of ascorbic acid on structural properties of ZnO nanoparticles prepared by precipitation process. 2015 IEEE 10th International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems, NEMS 145–148
  3. Zhang, Y., Wu, J., Aagesen, M., Liu, H. (2015). III – V nanowires and nanowire optoelectronic devices. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 48: 463001
  4. Chandore, V., Carpenter, G., Sen, R., Gupta, N. (2013). International Journal of Environmental Science : Development and Monitoring Synthesis of nano crystalline ZnO by Microwave Assisted Combustion method : An eco friendly and solvent free route. IJESDM, 4: 45-47
  5. Zain, N.M., Stapley, A.G.F., Shama, G. (2014). Green synthesis of silver and copper nanoparticles using ascorbic acid and chitosan for antimicrobial applications. Carbohydrate Polymers, 112: 195-202
  6. Hasanpoor, M., Aliofkhazraei, M., Delavari, H. (2015). Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. Procedia Materials Science, 11: 320-325
  7. Zhu, Y.J., Chen, F. (2014). Microwave-assisted preparation of inorganic nanostructures in liquid phase. Chemical Reviews, 114: 6462-6555
  8. Thirumavalavan, M., Huang, K.-L., Lee, J.-F. (2013). Preparation and Morphology Studies of Nano Zinc Oxide Obtained Using Native and Modified Chitosans. Materials, 6: 4198-4212
  9. Rajendran, K., Sivalingam, T. (2013). Industrial method of cotton fabric finishing with chitosan – ZnO composite for anti-bacterial and thermal stability. Industrial Crops & Products, 47: 160-167
  10. Barreto, M.S.R., Andrade, C.T., Azero, E.G., Paschoalin, V.M.F., Aguila, E.M. Del (2017). Production of Chitosan / Zinc Oxide Complex by Ultrasonic Treatment with Antibacterial Activity. J. Bacteriol. Parasitol., 8 (330): 1-7
  11. Farouk, A., Moussa, S., Ulbricht, M., Textor, T. (2012). ZnO Nanoparticles-Chitosan Composite as Antibacterial Finish for Textiles. International Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry, 2012: 1-8
  12. Sathiya, S.M., Okram, G.S., Dhivya, S.M., Manivannan, G., Rajan, M.A.J. (2016). ScienceDirect Interaction of Chitosan / Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites and their Antibacterial Activities with Escherichia coli. Materials Today: Proceedings, 3: 3855–3860
  13. Abdelhady, M.M. (2012). Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan / Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Imparting Antimicrobial and UV Protection to Cotton Fabric. International Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry, 2012: 1–6
  14. Al-Naamani, L., Dobretsov, S., Dutta, J. (2016). Chitosan-zinc oxide nanoparticle composite coating for active food packaging applications. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 38: 231–237
  15. Petkova, P., Francesko, A., Fernandes, M.M., Mendoza, E., Perelshtein, I., Gedanken, A., et al. (2014). Sonochemical Coating of Textiles with Hybrid ZnO/Chitosan Antimicrobial Nanoparticles. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 6: 1164–1172
  16. Singh, G., Surinder, D. (2014). Facile fabrication and characterization of chitosan-based zinc oxide nanoparticles and evaluation of their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. International Nano Letters, 4: 1-11
  17. Shahraki, R.R., Ebrahim, S.A.S., Masoudpanah, S.M. (2015). Synthesis and Characterization of Superparamagnetic Zinc Ferrite – Chitosan Composite Nanoparticles. J. Supercond. Nov. Magn., 28: 2143–2147
  18. Rinaudo, M. (2006). Chitin and chitosan : Properties and applications. Progress in Polymer Science, 31: 603–632
  19. Niranjan, R., Koushik, C., Saravanan, S., Moorthi, A., Vairamani, M., Selvamurugan, N. (2013). International Journal of Biological Macromolecules A novel injectable temperature-sensitive zinc doped chitosan /-glycerophosphate hydrogel for bone tissue engineering. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 54: 24-29
  20. Perelshtein, I., Ruderman, E., Perkas, N., Tzanov, T., Beddow, J., Joyce, E., et al. (2013). Chitosan and chitosan-ZnO-based complex nanoparticles: formation, characterization, and antibacterial activity Antibacterial Activity. Journal of Material Chemistry B, 1: 1968-1976
  21. Guo, L., Yang, S., Bay, C.W., Kong, H., Yang, C., Yu, P., et al. (2000). Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) -Modified Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. Chemistry Material. 12: 2268-2274
  22. Mahmudin, L., Suharyadi, E., Bambang, A., Utomo, S. (2016). Influence of Stabilizing Agent and Synthesis Temperature on the Optical Properties of Silver Nanoparticles as Active Materials in Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Biosensor Applications. Journal of Modern Physics. 6: 1071-1076
  23. Al-Gaashani, R., Radiman, S., Tabet, N., Daud, A.R. (2011). Effect of microwave power on the morphology and optical property of zinc oxide nano-structures prepared via a microwave-assisted aqueous solution method. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 125: 846–852
  24. Regiel-futyra, A., Sebastian, V., Irusta, S., Arruebo, M., Kyzio, A. (2015). Development of Noncytotoxic Chitosan-Gold Nanocomposites as Efficient Antibacterial Materials. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 7(2):1087-1099
  25. Sultan, N.M., Johan, M.R. (2014). Synthesis and Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy Studies of Chitosan Capped Gold Nanoparticles and Their Reactions with Analytes. The Scientific World Journal. 2014: 1-7
  26. Umer, A., Naveed, S., Ramzan, N. (2014). A green method for the synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles using L-ascorbic acid. Revista Materia, 19: 197-203
  27. Pandiselvi, K., Thambidurai, S. (2015). Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing Synthesis , characterization , and antimicrobial activity of chitosan – zinc oxide / polyaniline composites. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 31: 573–581
  28. Khan, A., Mehmood, S., Sha, M., Yasin, T. (2013). Structural and antimicrobial properties of irradiated chitosan and its complexes with zinc. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 91: 138-142
  29. Rama, V., Priya Dharsini, G.R., Menaga, P.C., Usha, J.R.J. (2014). Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan-Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite and its Antimicrobial Activity. The International Journal of Science & Technoledge, 2: 137-140
  30. Wang, X., Zheng, J., Fu, R., Ma, J. (2011). Effect of Microwave Power and Irradiation Time on the Performance of Pt/C Catalysts Synthesized by Pulse-microwave Assisted Chemical Reduction. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 32: 599–605
  31. Wojnarowicz, J., Chudoba, T., Gierlotka, S., Lojkowski, W. (2018). Effect of microwave radiation power on the size of aggregates of ZnO NPs prepared using microwave solvothermal synthesis. Nanomaterials (Basel), 8: 1-17
  32. Marsalek, R. (2014). Particle size and Zeta Potential of ZnO. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 9: 13–17
  33. Steffy, K., Shanthi, G., Maroky, A.S., Selvakumar, S. (2018). Journal of Infection and Public Health Enhanced antibacterial effects of green synthesized ZnO NPs using Aristolochia indica against Multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens from Diabetic Foot Ulcer. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 11: 463–471
  34. Elizabeth, M., Mohan, J.C., Manzoor, K., Nair, S. V, Tamura, H., Jayakumar, R. (2010). Folate conjugated carboxymethyl chitosan – manganese doped zinc sulphide nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and imaging of cancer cells. Carbohydrate Polymers, 80: 442–448
  35. El-naggar, M.E., Shaheen, T.I., Fouda, M.M.G., Hebeish, A.A. (2016). Eco-friendly microwave-assisted green and rapid synthesis of well-stabilized gold and core – shell silver – gold nanoparticles. Carbohydrate Polymers, 136: 1128–1136
  36. Jafarirad, S., Mehrabi, M., Divband, B., Kosari-nasab, M. (2016). Biofabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles using fruit extract of Rosa canina and their toxic potential against bacteria : A mechanistic approach. Materials Science & Engineering C, 59: 296-302
  37. Wangoo, N., Kaushal, J., Bhasin, K.K., Mehta, S.K., Suri, C.R. (2010). Zeta potential based colorimetric immunoassay for the direct detection of diabetic marker HbA1c using gold nanoprobes. Chem. Commun. 46: 5755-5757
  38. Yamamoto, O. (2001). Influence of particle size on the antibacterial activity of zinc oxide. International Journal of Inorganic Materials. 3: 643–646
  39. Sirelkhatim, A., Mahmud, S., Seeni, A., Kaus, N.H.M., Ann, L.C., Bakhori, S.K.M., Hasan, H., Mohamad, D. (2015). Review on zinc oxide nanoparticles: Antibacterial activity and toxicity mechanism. Nano-Micro Letters, 7: 219–242
  40. T. Jin, D. Sun, Su, J.Y., Zhang, H., Sue, H.-J. (2009). Antimicrobial Efficacy of Zinc Oxide Quantum Dots against Listeria monocytogenes , Salmonella Enteritidis, and Escherichia coli O157 : H7. Journal of Food Science, 4 (1): 46-52
  41. Premanathan, M., Karthikeyan, K., Jeyasubramanian, K., Manivannan, G. (2011). Selective toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles toward Gram-positive bacteria and cancer cells by apoptosis through lipid peroxidation. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine, 7: 184-192
  42. Mai-Prochnow, A., Clauson, M., Hong, J., Murphy, A.B. (2016). Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria differ in their sensitivity to cold plasma. Scientific Reports. 6: 38610
  43. Su, C., Sun, C., Juan, S., Hu, C., Ket, W., Sheut, M. (1997). Fungal mycelia as the source of chitin and polysaccharides and their applications as skin substitutes. 18: 1169-1174
  44. Padmavathy, N., Vijayaraghavan, R. (2008). Enhanced bioactivity of ZnO nanoparticles—an antimicrobial study. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 9(3): 035004

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.