DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.14.1.2507.79-92

Design of a Synthetic Zinc Oxide Catalyst over Nano-Alumina for Sulfur Removal by Air in a Batch Reactor

1Chemical Engineering, College of Petroleum & Minerals Engineering, Tikrit University, Iraq

2Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Tikrit University, Iraq

3Chemical Engineering, Middle Technical University, Iraq

Received: 6 Apr 2018; Revised: 26 Sep 2018; Accepted: 30 Sep 2018; Available online: 25 Jan 2019; Published: 15 Apr 2019.
Editor(s): Istadi Istadi
Open Access Copyright (c) 2019 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Cover Image
Abstract

Owing to the environmental regulations with respect to sulfur content and continuing challenges of finding a suitable catalyst of such impurity, a driving force for the development of more efficient technologies a deep research on new oxidative catalysts is considered an important issue in fuel quality improvement. Thus, the present study shows a novel percent of nano-catalyst with 18% zinc oxide (ZnO) of active component over nano-alumina that has not been reported in the public domain for sulfur removal from kerosene fuel by air (oxidative desulfurization (ODS) method). Where, such percent of the active component on the nano-alumina helps to add one or two atoms of oxygen to sulfur content in the kerosene. The nano-catalyst (ZnO/nano-alumina-particles composite) is prepared by precipitation of zinc oxide and loaded over nano-alumina in one-step. The activity of the prepared catalyst was tested utilizing ODS process of kerosene fuel by air in a batch reactor. A set of experiments were conducted with a wide range of operating conditions, where the reaction temperature was ranged from 150 to 190ºC, the reaction time from 30 to 50 min and the catalyst weight from 0.4 to 1 g. The experimental results showed that the chemical nature of zinc oxides showed higher conversion (70.52%) at reaction temperature of 190 ºC, reaction time of 50 min, and 1 g catalyst weight used in the batch reactor. A kinetic model related to the sulfur removal from kerosene via ODS process in the batch reactor was also investigated in this study for the purpose of estimating the best kinetic parameters of the relevant reactions. The results showed that the prepared catalyst (ZnO over nano-alumina) can be applied confidently to reactor design, operation and control in addition to improve the fuel quality. Following the kinetic model of ODS process, a very well agreement between the experimental and predicted results is obtained. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

 

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Nano-Catalyst; Oxidative Desulfurization; Zinc Oxide; Kerosene; Batch Reactor
Funding: Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Tikrit University

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Original Research Articles
Language : EN
Recent articles
Preparation of Metal-Free Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Material and Its Catalytic Performance Design of a Synthetic Zinc Oxide Catalyst over Nano-Alumina for Sulfur Removal by Air in a Batch Reactor A Green Synthesis of Polylimonene Using Maghnite-H+, an Exchanged Montmorillonite Clay, as Eco-Catalyst Synthesis of KCC-1 Using Rice Husk Ash for Pb Removal from Aqueous Solution and Petrochemical Wastewater Egg-shell Treated Oil Palm Fronds (EG-OPF) as Low-Cost Adsorbent for Methylene Blue Removal Catalytic CO Methanation over Mesoporous ZSM5 with Different Metal Promoters Backmatter Author Guideline (2019) Frontmatter (Front Cover, Editorial Team, Indexing, and Table of Contents) More recent articles
  1. Babich, V.I., Moulijn, A.J. (2003). Novel Processes for Deep Desulfurization of Oil Refinery Streams. Fuel, 82: 607-631
  2. Rang, H., Kann, J., Oja, V. (2006). Advances in desulfurization research of liquid fuel. Oil Shale, 23: 164-176
  3. Zhang, X.H., Gao, J.J., Meng, H., Lu, Z.Y., Li, X.C. (2012). Catalytic Oxidative Desulfurization of Fuel by H2O2 In Situ Produced via Oxidation of 2-Propanol. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 51: 4868–4874
  4. Sundararaman, R., Ma, X., Song, C. (2010). Oxidative desulfurization of jet and diesel fuels using hydroperoxide generated in situ by catalytic air oxidation. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 49: 5561-5568
  5. Zannikos, F., Vignier, V. (1995). Desulphurization of petroleum fractions by oxidation and solvent extraction. Fuel Proc. Tech. 42: 35-45
  6. Rappas, S.A., Nero, P.V., DeCanio, J. S. (2002). Process for removing low amounts of organic sulphur from hydrocarbon fuels, US Patent 6, 402, 940 B1, 1-7
  7. Ma, X., Zhou, A., Song, C. (2007). A novel method for oxidative desulfurization of liquid hydrocarbon fuels based on catalytic oxidation using molecular oxygen coupled with selective adsorption. Catal. Today. 123: 276-284
  8. Al-Malki, A. (2004). Desulfurization of Gasoline and Diesel Fuels Using Non-Hydrogen Consuming Techniques. M.Sc. Thesis: King Fahad University of Petroleum and Minerals: Saudi Arabia
  9. Dishun, Z., Fengxia, S., Erpeng, Z., Yan, L. (2003). A Review of Desulfurization of Light Oil Based on Selective Oxidation. Chemical Journal on Internet, 6: 17-23
  10. Breysse, M., Diega-Mariadassou, G., Pessayre, S., Geantet, G., Vrinet, M., Lemaire, M. (2003). Deep desulfurization: reactions, catalysts and technological challenges. Catal. Today, 84: 129-138
  11. Mohammadbeigi, K., Tajerian, M. (2004). Demercaptanization of distillate (DMD). Petroleum & Coal, 46: 17-22
  12. Chica, A., Corma, A., Domine, E.M. (2006). Catalytic oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of diesel fuel on a continuous fixed-bed reactor. J. Catal. 242: 299-308
  13. Ma, X., Zhou, A., Song, C. (2007). A novel method for oxidative desulfurization of liquid hydrocarbon fuels based on catalytic oxidation using molecular oxygen coupled with selective adsorption. Catal. Today, 123: 276-284
  14. Sampanthar, T.J., Rong, X., Dautzenberg, M.F. (2013). Desulfurization of liquid fuels using air-assisted performic acid oxidation and emulsion catalyst. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 34: 1839-1847
  15. Jarullah, A.T., Mujtaba, I.M., Alastair, S.W. (2011). Kinetic parameter estimation and simulation of trickle-bed reactor for hydrodesulfurization of crude oil. Chem. Eng. Sci. 66: 859-871
  16. Nawaf, A.T., Gheni, S.A., Jarullah, A.T., Mujtaba, I.M. (2015). Optimal Design of a Trickle Bed Reactor for Light Fuel Oxidative Desulfurization Based on Experiments and Modeling. Energy & Fuels, 29: 3366-3376
  17. Zeki, A.S.N., Ali, M.S., Al-Karkhi, R.S. (2017). Investigation Desulfurization Method Using Air and Zinc Oxide/Activated Carbon Composite. Iraqi J. Chem. Pet. Eng. 18: 37-46
  18. Hernandez, P.S., Chiappero, M., Russo, N., Fino, D. (2011). A novel ZnO-based adsorbent for biogas purification in H2 production systems. Chem. Eng. J. 176: 272-279
  19. Levenspiel, O. (1999). Chemical Reaction Engineering. Third ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: New York
  20. Nawaf, A.T., Jarullah, A.T., Gheni, S.A., Mujtaba, I.M. (2015). Development of Kinetic and Process Model for Oxidative Desulphurization of Light Fuel using Experiments and Parameter Estimation Technique. Ind. Eng. Res. 54: 12503-12515
  21. Leyva-Ramos, R.C., Geankoplis, J. C. (1994). Diffusion in Liquid Filled Pores of Activated Carbon. I. Pore Volume Diffusion. Chem. Eng. 72: 262-271
  22. Tang, M.J., Kalberer, M. (2015). Supplement of Compilation and evaluation of gas phase diffusion coefficients of reactive trace gases in the atmosphere : Volume 2. Diffusivities of organic compounds, pressure-normalised mean free paths, and average Knudsen numbers for gas uptake calcu. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 15: 5585-5598
  23. Bird, R.B., Stewart, W.E. (2002). Transport Phenomena, Second ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: New York
  24. Jo, J., Baek Lee, S., Mok, S.Y. (2017). Effect of Calcination Temperature Of MnxOy/g-Al2O3 catalyst On Ozone Decomposition. Research World International Conference, Poland, 5-8
  25. Saleh, A.T., Sulaiman, O.K., AL-Hammadi, A.S., Dafalla, H., Danmaliki, I.G. (2017). Adsorptive desulfurization of thiophene, benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene over activated carbon manganese oxide nanocomposite: With column system evaluation. Cleaner Pro. 17: 959-6526
  26. Chan, K., Jung, J., Lee, J., Sang, B., Kyungil, C., Sang, H. (2000). Hydrodesulphurization of DBT, 4- MDBT, and 4,6-DMDBT on fluorinated CoMoS/Al2O3 catalysts. Applied Cat. A, 200: 233-242
  27. Nawaf, A.T., Gheni, S.A., Jarullah, A.T., Mujtaba, I.M. (2015). Improvement of Fuel Quality by Oxidative Desulfurization: Design of Synthetic Catalyst for the Process. Fuel Pro. Tech. 138: 337-343

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.