DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.14.1.2445.130-141

Algerian Acid Activated Clays as Efficient Catalysts for a Green Synthesis of Solketal by Chemoselective Acetalization of Glycerol with Acetone

1Laboratoire de Modélisation et de Méthodes de Calcul, Université Docteur Moulay Tahar, 20002, Saida, Algeria

2Laboratoire Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Appliquées, Université Oran1 Ahmed Benbela, 31000 Oran, Algeria

3Laboratoire Matériaux Composites et Minéraux Argileux, Centre National des Recherches en Sciences des Matériaux, Technopole de Borj Cerdia, Soliman, 8027, Tunisia

Received: 28 Mar 2018; Revised: 17 Oct 2018; Accepted: 30 Oct 2018; Published: 15 Apr 2019; Available online: 25 Jan 2019.
Open Access Copyright (c) 2019 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

The production of solketal and conversion of glycerol takes a major importance in the field of the sustainability of the biodiesel industry. The synthesis of (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methanol by the acetalization of glycerol with acetone successfully applied out using various Algerian acid activated clays (maghnia-H+) under autogenous pressure and without solvent. The acid catalyst clays are prepared by an easy technique by activation with the available and low-cost Maghnia clay. The purified Maghnia clay named ALC and the resulting series of acid-activated clays AL1, AL2, AL3, and AL4 are characterized by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) investigation, N2-adorption/desorption Brunauer–Emmett–Teller  (BET) surface area, X-rays Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, SEM microscopy and the cation exchange capacity (CEC) with copper bisethylenediamine complex method, in order to study the effect of activation at the acid and the catalytic behaviour in the acetalization reaction. The results show a high catalytic activity whose that the yield of solketal production interest reached 95 % at a temperature of 40 °C for a reaction time of 48 hours with full selectivity and glycerol conversion reaching up to 89 %. A mechanistic is proposed to explain the chemoselective of solketal production. These results indicate the potential of this Algerian acid activated clays catalysts for the acetalization of glycerol for an environmentally benign process. 

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Keywords: Acetalization; Acid Activated Clay; Glycerol Conversion; Solketal; Biodiesel
Funding: Algeria Ministry of Higher Education, University of Doctor of Moulay Tahar Saida of Algeria, and Tunisia Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research and the National Center of Materials Sciences of Tunisia

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