DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.13.2.1204.373-385

The Impact of Hydrogen Peroxide as An Oxidant for Solvent-free Liquid Phase Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol using Au-Pd Supported Carbon and Titanium Catalysts

1Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

3Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Received: 8 May 2017; Revised: 22 Feb 2018; Accepted: 6 Mar 2018; Available online: 11 Jun 2018; Published: 1 Aug 2018.
Editor(s): Istadi Istadi
Open Access Copyright (c) 2018 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Cover Image
Abstract

The solvent free oxidation of benzyl alcohol was conducted employing Au and Pd supported catalysts, while utilizing hydrogen peroxide 35% (H2O2) as the oxidant, H2O2 is  very cheap, mild, and an environment friendly reagent, which produced water as the only by-product. Various proportions of Au-Pd catalysts on carbon and titanium oxide activated as supports were synthesized through the use of sol immobilization catalyst synthesis technique. Characterization of the synthesized catalysts was performed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). It was found that the synthesized Au-Pd/ activated carbon catalyst was  beneficial for the solvent free oxidation of benzyl alcohol after its containing high surface area measuring 871 m2g-1. Analysis of the TEM data and particle dimension revealed smaller and narrower particle size of 1 wt%. Thus, the distribution of Au-Pd/C was attained. Carbon-supported bimetallic catalysts presented a higher conversion compared to catalysts that are supported titanium oxide (TiO2) for for the oxidation reaction of benzyl alcohol. It was determined that this technique was a suitable process for catalyst synthesis with high selectivity, same distribution of the particle size and activations. 

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Benzyl Alcohol; Solvent Free Oxidation; Hydrogen Peroxide; Palladium and Gold Supported Catalyst
Funding: Universiti Putra Malaysia

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Original Research Articles
Language : EN
Recent articles
Crystal Structure and Catalytic Activity of A Novel Cd(II) Coordination Polymer Formed by Dicarboxylic Ligand Electrochemical Study of Copper Ferrite as a Catalyst for CO2 Photoelectrochemical Reduction Feasibility of Macroporous CeO2 Photocatalysts for Removal of Lead Ions from Water Frontmatter (Front Cover, Editorial Team, Indexing, and Table of Contents) Backmatter Author Guideline (2017) More recent articles
  1. Enache, D.I., Knight, D.W., Hutchings, G.J. (2005). Solvent-Free Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Aldehydes Using Supported Gold Catalysts. Catalysis Letters, 103(1-2): 43-52
  2. Vazylyev, M., Sloboda-Rozner, D., Haimov, A., Maayan, G., Neumann, R. (2005). Strategies for Oxidation Catalyzed by Polyoxometalates at the Interface of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis. Topics in catalysis, 34(1-4): 93-99
  3. Mori, K., Hara, T., Mizugaki, T., Ebitani, K., Kaneda, K. (2004). Hydroxyapatite-Supported Palladium Nanoclusters: A Highly Active Heterogeneous Catalyst for Selective Oxidation of Alcohols by Use of Molecular Oxygen. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 126(34): 10657-10666
  4. Pagliaro, M., Campestrini, S., Ciriminna, R. (2005). Ru-Based Oxidation Catalysis. Chemical Society Reviews, 34(10): 837-845
  6. Sheldon, R.A., Arends, I.W.C.E., Dijksman, A. (2000). New developments in Catalytic Alcohol Oxidations for Fine Chemicals Synthesis. Catalysis Today, 57(1): 157-166
  7. Lee, D.G., Spitzer, U.A. (1970). Aqueous Dichromate Oxidation of Primary Alcohols. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 35(10): 3589-3590
  8. Griffith, W.P., Jolliffe, J.M. (1991). Ruthenium and osmium carboxylato oxo complexes as organic oxidants. Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 66: 395-400
  9. Cainelli, G., Cardillo, G. (2012). Chromium oxidations in organic chemistry (Vol. 19). Springer Science & Business Media
  10. Schank, J. (1983). Catalytic gold: Applications of Clemental Gold in Heterogeneous Catalysis. Gold Bull. 16: 103
  11. Bond, G.C., Thompson, D.T. (1999). Catalysis by Gold. Catalysis Reviews, 41(3-4): 319-388
  12. Haruta, M. (2003). When Gold Is Not Noble: Catalysis by Nanoparticles. The Chemical Record, 3(2): 75-87
  13. Enache, D.I., Barker, D., Edwards, J.K., Taylor, S.H., Knight, D.W., Carley, A.F., Hutchings, G.J. (2007). Solvent-Free Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol Using Titania-Supported Gold–Palladium Catalysts: Effect of Au–Pd Ratio on Catalytic Performance. Catalysis Today, 122(3): 407-411
  14. Sheldon, R.A., Arends, I.W., ten Brink, G.J., Dijksman, A. (2002). Green, Catalytic Oxidations of Alcohols. Accounts of Chemical Research, 35(9): 774-781
  15. Hutchings, G.J. (2008). Nanocrystalline Gold and Gold Palladium Alloy Catalysts for Chemical Synthesis. Chemical Communications, (10): 1148-1164
  16. Enache, D.I., Edwards, J.K., Landon, P., Solsona-Espriu, B., Carley, A.F., Herzing, A.A., Watanabe, M., Kiely, C.J., Knight, D.W., Hutchings, G.J. (2006). Solvent-Free Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Aldehydes Using Au-Pd/TiO2 Catalysts. Science, 311(5759):362-365
  17. Hashmi, A.S.K., Hutchings, G.J. (2006). Gold catalysis. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 45(47): 7896-7936
  18. Solsona, B.E., Edwards, J.K., Landon, P., Carley, A.F., Herzing, A., Kiely, C.J., Hutchings, G.J. (2006). Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide from H2 and O2 Using Al2O3 Supported Au-Pd Catalysts. Chemistry of Materials, 18(11): 2689-2695
  19. Chen, M., Kumar, D., Yi, C.W., Goodman, D.W. (2005). The promotional Effect of Gold in Catalysis by Palladium-Gold. Science, 310(5746): 291-293
  20. Bianchi, C.L., Canton, P., Dimitratos, N., Porta, F., Prati, L. (2005). Selective Oxidation of Glycerol With Oxygen Using Mono and Bimetallic Catalysts Based on Au, Pd, and Pt Metals. Catalysis Today, 102: 203-212
  21. Pawelec, B., Venezia, A.M., La Parola, V., Cano-Serrano, E., Campos-Martin, J.M., Fierro, J.L.G. (2005). AuPd Alloy Formation in Au-Pd/Al2O3 Catalysts and Its Role on Aromatics Hydrogenation. Applied Surface Science, 242(3): 380-391
  22. Dimitratos, N., Lopez-Sanchez, J.A., Morgan, D., Carley, A., Prati, L., Hutchings, G.J. (2007). Solvent Free liquid Phase Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol Using Au Supported Catalysts Prepared Using a Sol Immobilization Technique. Catalysis Today, 122(3): 317-324
  23. bin Saiman, M.I., Brett, G.L., Tiruvalam, R., Forde, M.M., Sharples, K., Thetford, A., Jenkins, R.L., Dimitratos, N., Lopez‐Sanchez, J.A., Murphy, D.M., Bethell, D. (2012). Involvement of Surface‐Bound Radicals in the Oxidation of Toluene Using Supported Au‐Pd Nanoparticles. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 51(24): 5981-5985
  24. Link, S., El-Sayed, M.A. (1999). Size and Temperature Dependence of the Plasmon Absorption of Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 103(21): 4212-4217
  25. Dimitratos, N., Lopez-Sanchez, J.A., Lennon, D., Porta, F., Prati, L., Villa, A. (2006). Effect of Particle Size on Monometallic and Bimetallic (Au, Pd)/C on the Liquid Phase Oxidation of Glycerol. Catalysis Letters, 108(3-4): 147-153
  26. Dimitratos, N., Lopez-Sanchez, J.A., Anthonykutty, J.M., Brett, G., Carley, A.F., Tiruvalam, R.C., Herzing, A.A., Kiely, C.J., Knight, D.W., Hutchings, G.J. (2009). Oxidation of Glycerol Using Gold–Palladium Alloy-Supported Nanocrystals. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 11(25): 4952-4961
  27. Bailón-García, E., Carrasco-Marín, F., Pérez-Cadenas, A.F., Maldonado-Hódar, F.J. (2015). Development of Carbon Xerogels as Alternative Pt-Supports for the Selective Hydrogenation of Citral. Catalysis Communications, 58: 64-69
  28. Ab Rahim, M.H. (2011). Heterogeneous Gold, Palladium and Copper Based Catalysts for Liquid Phase Oxidation of Methane. Cardiff University (United Kingdom)
  29. Lopez, N., Nørskov, J.K. (2002). Theoretical Study of the Au/TiO2 (110) Interface. Surface Science, 515(1): 175-186
  30. Casaletto, M.P., Longo, A., Venezia, A.M., Martorana, A., Prestianni, A. (2006). Metal-Support and Preparation Influence on the Structural and Electronic Properties of Gold Catalysts. Applied Catalysis A: General, 302(2): 309-316
  31. Fang, Y.L., Miller, J.T., Guo, N., Heck, K.N., Alvarez, P.J., Wong, M.S. (2011). Structural Analysis of Palladium-Decorated Gold Nanoparticles as Colloidal Bimetallic Catalysts. Catalysis Today, 160(1): 96-102
  32. Dimitratos, N., Lopez-Sanchez, J.A., Morgan, D., Carley, A.F., Tiruvalam, R., Kiely, C.J., Bethell, D., Hutchings, G.J. (2009). Solvent-Free oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol Using Au–Pd Catalysts Prepared by Sol Immobilisation. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 11(25): 5142-5153
  33. Miedziak, P., Sankar, M., Dimitratos, N., Lopez-Sanchez, J.A., Carley, A.F., Knight, D.W., Taylor, S.H., Kiely, C.J., Hutchings, G.J. (2011). Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol Using Supported Gold–Palladium Nanoparticles. Catalysis Today, 164(1): 315-319
  34. Shi, Y., Yang, H., Zhao, X., Cao, T., Chen, J., Zhu, W., Yu, Y., Hou, Z. (2012). Au–Pd Nanoparticles on Layered Double Hydroxide: Highly Active Catalyst for Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols in Aqueous Phase. Catalysis Communications, 18: 142-146
  35. Behera, G.C., Parida, K.M. (2012). Liquid Phase Catalytic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol to Benzaldehyde Over Vanadium Phosphate Catalyst. Applied Catalysis A: General, 413: 245-253
  36. Villa, A., Janjic, N., Spontoni, P., Wang, D., Su, D.S., Prati, L. (2009). Au–Pd/AC as Catalysts for Alcohol Oxidation: Effect of Reaction Parameters on Catalytic Activity and Selectivity. Applied Catalysis A: General, 364(1): 221-228
  37. Matsumoto, T., Ueno, M., Wang, N., Kobayashi, S. (2008). Recent Advances in Immobilized Metal Catalysts for Environmentally Benign Oxidation of Alcohols. Chemistry–An Asian Journal, 3(2): 196-214
  38. Shi, F., Tse, M.K., Beller, M. (2007). A Novel Environmentally Benign Method for the Selective Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones. Chemistry–An Asian Journal, 2(3): 411-415
  39. Mallat, T., Baiker, A. (2004). Oxidation of Alcohols with Molecular Oxygen on Solid Catalysts. Chemical Reviews, 104(6): 3037-3058
  40. Hutchings, G.J. (2014). Selective Oxidation Using Supported Gold Bimetallic and Trimetallic Nanoparticles. Catalysis Today, 238:, 69-73
  41. Meenakshisundaram, S., Nowicka, E., Miedziak, P.J., Brett, G.L., Jenkins, R.L., Dimitratos, N., Taylor, S.H., Knight, D.W., Bethell, D., Hutchings, G.J. (2010). Oxidation of Alcohols Using Supported Gold and Gold–Palladium Nanoparticles. Faraday Discussions, 145: 341-356
  42. Jayamani, M., Pillai, C.N. (1983). Hydride Transfer Reactions: VIII. Reactions of Benzyl Alcohol Over Alumina: Dehydration and Disproportionation. Journal of Catalysis, 82(2): 485-488
  43. Valarivan, R., Pillai, C.N., Swamy, C.S. (1996). Reaction of Benzyl Alcohol Over the Hydrogen Storage Intermetallic Compound Mg2Cu. Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters, 59(2): 343-350
  45. Kovtun, G., Kameneva, T., Hladyi, S., Starchevsky, M., Pazdersky, Y., Stolarov, I., Vargaftik, M., Moiseev, I. (2002). Oxidation, Redox Disproportionation and Chain Termination Reactions Catalysed by the Pd‐561 Giant Cluster. Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis, 344(9): 957-964

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.