Effects of Bentonite Activation Methods on Chitosan Loading Capacity

*Tao Yu  -  School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, China
Chengtun Qu  -  College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, China
Daidi Fan  -  School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, China
Renjun Xu  -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Light Industry Research Institute, China
Received: 24 Mar 2017; Revised: 17 Jul 2017; Accepted: 18 Jul 2017; Published: 2 Apr 2018; Available online: 22 Jan 2018.
Open Access Copyright (c) 2018 Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
License URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Citation Format:
Cover Image
Abstract

The adsorption capacity of bentonite clay for heavy metal removal from wastewater can be significantly enhanced by a high loading of chitosan on the surface. In order to enhance the chitosan loading, we tested activating bentonite clay by three methods prior to chitosan loading: sulfuric acid, calcination, and microwave treatments. Meanwhile, several parameters during chitosan loading, namely the initial chitosan concentration, stirring speed, reaction time, temperature, and pH value were investigated. Our results indicate that chitosan is attached to bentonite clay through intercalation and surface adsorption according to X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Eelectron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The maximum chitosan loading on 200-mesh raw bentonite clay (126.30 mg/L) was achieved under the following conditions: the initial chitosan concentration of 1000 mg/L, the stirring speed of 200 rpm, pH of 4.9, 60 min of reaction time, and temperature of 30 °C. The chitosan loading was further increased to 256.30, 233.70, and 208.83 mg/g, when using bentonite clay activated through 6 min of microwave irradiation (800 W), 10 % sulfuric acid treatment, and calcinations at 600 °C, respectively. When the chitosan loading was increased from 34.76 to 233.7 mg/g, the removal percentages of Cu(II), Cr(VI), and Pb(II) were improved, respectively from 78.90 to 95.5 %, from 82.22 to 98.74 %, from 60.09 to 86.18 %. Copyright © 2018 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

Received: 14th March 2017; Revised: 17th July 2017; Accepted: 18th July 2017; Available online: 22nd January 2018; Published regularly: 2 April 2018

How to Cite: Yu, T., Qu, C., Fan, D., Xu, R. (2018). Effects of Bentonite Activation Methods on Chitosan Loading Capacity. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 13 (1): 14-23 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.13.1.1040.14-23)

 

Keywords: Chitosan; chitosan-loaded bentonite; bentonite activation; loading properties

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Original Research Articles
Language: EN
In 2018: BCREC Volume 13 Issue 1 Year 2018 (SCOPUS and Web of Science Indexed, April 2018)
Statistics: 3289 845
Others articles
Advanced Chemical Reactor Technologies for Biodiesel Production from Vegetable Oils - A Review A Review Paper on Heterogeneous Fenton Catalyst: Types of Preparation, Modification Techniques, Factors Affecting the Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in the Wastewater Treatment Preparation of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Materials from Monosodium Glutamate and Application in Reduction of p-Nitrophenol Syngas Production from Catalytic CO2 Reforming of CH4 over CaFe2O4 Supported Ni and Co Catalysts: Full Factorial Design Screening Effects of Bentonite Activation Methods on Chitosan Loading Capacity Preparation and Characterization of Anadara Granosa Shells and CaCO3 as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production
  1. Lim, A.P., Aris, A.Z. (2014). A Review on Economically Adsorbents on Heavy Metals Removal in Water and Wastewater. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 13(2): 163-181
  2. Zhao, M., Xu, Y., Zhang, C., Rong, H., Zeng, G. (2016). New Trends in Removing Heavy Metals from Wastewater. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 100(15): 6509-6518
  3. Liu, B., Wang, D., Yu, G., Xianghong, M. (2013). Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions, Dyes and Proteins by Chitosan Composites and Derivatives - A Review. Journal of Ocean University of China, 12(3): 500-508
  4. Sharma, P., Kaur, H., Sharma, M., Sahore, V. (2011). A Review on Applicability of Naturally Available Adsorbents for the Removal of Hazardous Dyes from Aqueous Waste. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 183(1): 151-195
  5. Liu, Q., Yang, B., Zhang, L., Huang, R. (2015). Adsorptive Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solutions by Cross-Linked Chitosan/Bentonite Composite. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 32(7): 1314-1322
  6. Mohamed, R.R., Rizk, N.A., Abd El Hady, B.M., Abdallah, H.M., Sabaa, M.W. (2016). Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Biodegradable Crosslinked Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Poly(ethylene glycol) Clay Nanocomposites. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, doi: 10.1007/s10924-016-0849-5
  7. Olu-Owolabi, B.I., Popoola, D.B., Unuabonah, E.I. (2010). Removal of Cu2+ and Cd2+ from Aqueous Solution by Bentonite Clay Modified with Binary Mixture of Goethite and Humic Acid. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 211(1): 459-474
  8. Keng, P.S., Lee, S.L., Ha, S.T., Hung, Y.T., Ong, S.T. (2014). Removal of Hazardous Heavy Metals from Aqueous Environment by Low-Cost Adsorption Materials. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 12(1): 15-25
  9. Khalfa, L., Cervera, M.L., Bagane, M., Souissi-Najar, S. (2016). Modeling of Equilibrium Isotherms and Kinetic Studies of Cr (VI) Adsorption into Natural and Acid-Activated Clays. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 9, 75
  10. Falayi, T., Ntuli, F. (2015). Effect of Attapulgite Calcination on Heavy Metal Adsorption from Acid Mine Drainage. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 32(4): 707-716
  11. Riaz, U., Ashraf, S.M., Khan, N., (2011). Effects of Surfactants on Microwave-Assisted Solid-State Intercalation of Poly(carbazole) in Bentonite. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 13(12): 6321-6331
  12. El-Sherif, H., El-Masry, M. (2011). Superabsorbent Nanocomposite Hydrogels Based on Intercalation of Chitosan into Activated Bentonite. Polymer Bulletin, 66(6): 721-734
  13. Ngah, W.S.W., Ariff, N.F.M., Hanafiah, M.A.K.M. (2010). Preparation, Characterization, and Environmental Application of Crosslinked Chitosan-Coated Bentonite for Tartrazine Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 206(1): 225-236
  14. Chen, Y., Zhu, C., Sun, Y., Duan, H., Ye, W., Wu, D. (2012). Adsorption of La(III) onto GMZ Bentonite: Effect of Contact Time, Bentonite Content, pH Value and Ionic Strength. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 292(3): 1339-1347
  16. Selvin, R., Hsu, H.L., Aneesh, P., Sha-Hua, C., Hung, L.L. (2010). Preparation of Acid-Modified Bentonite for Selective Decomposition of Cumene Hydroperoxide into Phenol and Acetone. Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis, 100(1): 197-204
  17. Raval, N.P., Shah, P.U., Shah, N.K. (2016). Adsorptive Amputation of Hazardous Azo Dye Congo Red from Wastewater: A Critical Review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(15): 14810-14853
  18. Shahmirzadi, M.A.A., Hosseini, S.S., Tan, N.R. (2016). Enhancing Removal and Recovery of Magnesium from Aqueous Solutions by Using Modified Zeolite and Bentonite and Process Optimization. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 33(12): 3529-3540
  19. Chiu, F.C., Lai, S.M., Hsieh, I.C., Don, T.M., Huang, C.Y. (2012). Preparation and Properties of Chitosan/Clay (Nano) Composites: A Silanol Quaternary Ammonium Intercalated Clay. Journal of Polymer Research, 19(2): 9781. doi: 10.1007/s10965-011-9781-5
  20. Kaya, E.M.Ö., Özcan, A.S., Gök, Ö., Özcan, A. (2013). Adsorption Kinetics and Isotherm Parameters of Naphthalene onto Natural- and Chemically Modified Bentonite from Aqueous Solutions. Adsorption, 19(2): 879-888
  21. Tonelli, D., Scavetta, E., Giorgetti, M. (2013). Layered-double-hydroxide-modified Electrodes: Electroanalytical Applications. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 405(2): 603-614
  22. Seyedmohammadi, J., Motavassel, M., Maddahi, M.H., Nikmanesh, S. (2016). Application of Nanochitosan and Chitosan Particles for Adsorption of Zn(II) Ions Pollutant from Aqueous Solution to Protect Environment. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2(3):165. doi: 10.1007/s40808-016-0219-2
  23. Hu, C., Hu, H., Zhu, J., Deng, Y., Li, C. (2016). Adsorption of Cu2+ on Montmorillonite and Chitosan-Montmorillonite Composite toward Acetate Ligand and the pH Dependence. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 227: 362. doi: 10.1007/s11270-016-3067-9
  24. Chen, C.Y., Chung, Y.C. (2011). Comparison of Acid-soluble and Water-soluble Chitosan as Coagulants in Removing Bentonite Suspensions. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 217(1): 603-610
  25. Dong, Y., Lin, H.J. (2016). Ammonia Nitrogen Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Zeolite Modified by Microwave-Sodium Acetate. Journal of Central South University, 23(6): 1345-1352
  27. Lin, H., Jin, X., Dong, Y., Huo, H., Liu, Q. (2014). Influence of Calcination on the Physical Characteristics and Nitrogen Removal Performance of Clinoptilolites. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed., 29(6): 1099-1103
  28. Sdiri, A.T., Higashi, T., Jamoussi, F. (2014). Adsorption of Copper and Zinc onto Natural Clay in Single and Binary Systems. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 11(4): 1081-1092
  29. Liu, J., Wang, H.L., Lü, C.X., Liu H.F., Guo, Z.X., Kang, C.L. (2013). Remove of Heavy Metals (Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+) in Water through Modified Diatomite. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities, 29(3): 445-448
  30. Roque-Ruiz, J.H., Cabrera-Ontiveros, E.A., Torres-Pérez, J., Reyes-López, S.Y. (2016). Preparation of PCL/clay and PVA/clay Electrospun Fibers for Cadmium (Cd2+), Chromium (Cr3+), Copper (Cu2+) and Lead (Pb2+) Removal from Water. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 227: 286. doi: 10.1007/s11270-016-2990-0

Last update: 2021-04-19 17:18:11

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2021-04-19 17:18:18

  1. Adsorption and descaling of cellucotton and chitosan-modified bentonite for produced water

    Yu T.. American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 16 (2), 2020. doi: 10.3844/ajbbsp.2020.208.215

  2. Moringa oleifera gum composite a novel material for heavy metals removal

    Ravikumar K.. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2019. doi: 10.1080/03067319.2019.1686142

  3. Bionanocomposites based on chitosan intercalation in designed swelling high-charged micas

    Alba M.D.. Scientific Reports, 9 (1), 2019. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46495-z

  4. Preparation and characterisation of green clay-polymer nanocomposite for heavy metals removal

    Ravikumar K.. Chemistry and Ecology, 36 (3), 2020. doi: 10.1080/02757540.2020.1723559
Copyright (c) 2018 Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
License URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Journal Author(s) Rights

In order for BCREC Group to publish and disseminate research articles, we need publishing rights (transfered from author(s) to publisher). This is determined by a publishing agreement between the Author(s) and BCREC Group. This agreement deals with the transfer or license of the copyright of publishing to BCREC Group, while Authors still retain significant rights to use and share their own published articles. BCREC Group supports the need for authors to share, disseminate and maximize the impact of their research and these rights, in any databases.

As a journal Author, you have rights for a large range of uses of your article, including use by your employing institute or company. These Author rights can be exercised without the need to obtain specific permission. Authors publishing in BCREC journals have wide rights to use their works for teaching and scholarly purposes without needing to seek permission, including:

  • use for classroom teaching by Author or Author's institution and presentation at a meeting or conference and distributing copies to attendees; 
  • use for internal training by author's company; 
  • distribution to colleagues for their reseearch use; 
  • use in a subsequent compilation of the author's works; 
  • inclusion in a thesis or dissertation; 
  • reuse of portions or extracts from the article in other works (with full acknowledgement of final article); 
  • preparation of derivative works (other than commercial purposes) (with full acknowledgement of final article); 
  • voluntary posting on open web sites operated by author or author’s institution for scholarly purposes, 
(but it should follow the open access license of Creative Common CC-by-SA License).

Authors/Readers/Third Parties can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, as well as remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, but they must give appropriate credit (the name of the creator and attribution parties (authors detail information), a copyright notice, an open access license notice, a disclaimer notice, and a link to the material), provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made (Publisher indicates the modification of the material (if any) and retain an indication of previous modifications using a CrossMark Policy and information about Erratum-Corrigendum notification).

Authors/Readers/Third Parties can read, print and download, redistribute or republish the article (e.g. display in a repository), translate the article, download for text and data mining purposes, reuse portions or extracts from the article in other works, sell or re-use for commercial purposes, remix, transform, or build upon the material, they must distribute their contributions under the same license as the original Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA).

Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (Publishing Right)

The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright for publishing (publishing right) of the article shall be assigned/transferred to Publisher of Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis journal and Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University/Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) (or BCREC Group).

Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (CTAP)'. An e-mail will be sent to the Corresponding Author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing' form by online version of this agreement.

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis journal and Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University/Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia-Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS), the Editors and the Advisory International Editorial Board make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in the Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis are sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors and advertisers.

Remember, even though we ask for a transfer of copyright for publishing (CTAP), our journal Author(s) retain (or are granted back) significant scholarly rights as mentioned before.

The Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (CTAP) Form can be downloaded here: [Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (CTAP) Form BCREC 2020] 


The copyright form should be signed electronically and send to the Editorial Office in the form of original e-mail below:  

Prof. Dr. I. Istadi (Editor-in-Chief)
Editorial Office of Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Laboratory of Plasma-Catalysis (R3.5), UPT Laboratorium Terpadu, Universitas Diponegoro
Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia 50275
Telp/Whatsapp: +62-81-316426342
E-mail: bcrec[at]live.undip.ac.id

(This policy statements has been updated at 24th December 2020)