Mg-Al/Biochar Composite with Stable Structure for Malachite Green Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions

Arini Fousty Badri  -  Graduate School, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia
Patimah Mega Syah Bahar Nur Siregar  -  Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia
Neza Rahayu Palapa scopus  -  Graduate School, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia
Risfidian Mohadi scopus  -  Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia
Mardiyanto Mardiyanto scopus  -  Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia
*Aldes Lesbani scopus  -  Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Complexes, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia
Received: 2 Feb 2021; Revised: 16 Mar 2021; Accepted: 17 Mar 2021; Published: 31 Mar 2021; Available online: 19 Mar 2021.
Open Access Copyright (c) 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Citation Format:
Cover Image
Abstract

Mg-Al-layered double hydroxide (LDH) was fabricated using a coprecipitation method at pH 10. Thereafter, Mg-Al-LDH was impregnated with biochar to manufacture a Mg-Al/Biochar composite. The composite was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, N2 adsorption—desorption, thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experiments, and was subsequently used for malachite green (MG) adsorption. MG adsorption experiments were performed in a batch system, and the effects of temperature and adsorption kinetic and isotherm parameters on the adsorption process were analyzed. The stability of Mg-Al/Biochar was evaluated using regeneration experiments over three cycles. The peaks at 11.47° (003), 22.86° (002), 34.69° (012), and 61.62° (116), in the XRD profile of Mg-Al/Biochar suggested that Mg-Al/Biochar was successfully fabricated. The surface area of Mg-Al/Biochar was up to five times larger than that of pristine Mg-Al-LDH. The adsorption of MG on Mg-Al/Biochar was dominated by interactions at the surface of the adsorbent and was classified as physical adsorption; moreover the maximum adsorption capacity ofMg-Al/Biochar was 70.922 mg/g. Furthermore, the MG removal of Mg-Al/Biochar during three successive adsorption cycles (i.e. 66.73%, 65.57%, and 65.77% for the first, second, and third adsorption cycle) did not change significantly, which indicated the stable structure of the adsorbent. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

 

Keywords: Malachite Green; Layered Double Hydroxide; Mg-Al; Biochar; Mg-Al/Biochar Adsorption
Funding: Universitas Sriwijaya under contract grant no. 0687/UN9/SK.BUK.KP/2020

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Original Research Articles
Language: EN
In 2021: BCREC Volume 16 Issue 1 Year 2021 (SCOPUS and Web of Science Indexed, March 2021)
Statistics: 404 107
Others articles
Green Polymerization of Hexadecamethylcyclooctasiloxane Using an Algerian Proton Exchanged Clay Called Maghnite-H+ Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Activity of A New Mn(II) Complex with 1,4-Phenylenediacetic Acid and 1,10-Phenanthroline Reusability and Stability Tests of Calcium Oxide Based Catalyst (K2O/CaO-ZnO) for Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel A Review Paper on Heterogeneous Fenton Catalyst: Types of Preparation, Modification Techniques, Factors Affecting the Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in the Wastewater Treatment Electrochemical Study of Copper Ferrite as a Catalyst for CO2 Photoelectrochemical Reduction Reduction of Peroxide Value and Free Fatty Acid Value of Used Frying Oil Using TiO2 Thin Film Photocatalyst
  1. Santhi, T., Manonmani, S., Smitha, T. (2010). Removal of methyl red from aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared from the Annona squmosa seed by adsorption. Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin, 14, 11–18, doi: 10.3329/cerb.v14i1.3767
  2. Méndez, A., Fernández, F., Gascó, G. (2007). Removal of malachite green using carbon-based adsorbents. Desalination, 206, 147–153, doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2006.03.564
  3. Mahmoud, R.K., Kotp, A.A., El-Deen, A.G.A., Farghali, A., Abo El-Ela, F.I. (2020). Novel and Effective Zn-Al-GA LDH Anchored on Nanofibers for High-Performance Heavy Metal Removal and Organic Decontamination: Bioremediation Approach. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 231, 363, doi: 10.1007/s11270-020-04629-4
  4. Islam, M.A., Ali, I., Karim, S.M.A., Hossain Firoz, M.S., Chowdhury, A.N., Morton, D.W., Angove, M.J. (2019). Removal of dye from polluted water using novel nano manganese oxide-based materials. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 32, 100911, doi: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.100911
  5. Schwarzenbach, R.P., Egli, T., Hofstetter, T.B., von Gunten, U., Wehrli, B. (2010). Global Water Pollution and Human Health. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 35, 109–136, doi: 10.1146/annurev-environ-100809-125342
  6. Haile, H.L., Abi, T., Tesfahun, K. (2015). Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity of MnO2/Al2O3/Fe2O3 nanocomposite for degradation of malachite green. African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 9, 211–222, doi: 10.5897/ajpac2015.0656
  7. Zhang, P., Connor, D.O., Wang, Y., Jiang, L., Xia, T., Wang, L., Tsang, D.C.W., Sik, Y., Hou, D. (2020). A green biochar / iron oxide composite for methylene blue removal. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 384, 121286, doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121286
  8. Lü, Z., Hu, F., Li, H., Zhang, X., Yu, S., Liu, M., Gao, C. (2019). Composite nanofiltration membrane with asymmetric selective separation layer for enhanced separation efficiency to anionic dye aqueous solution. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 19, 436–443, doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.086
  9. Youssef, N.A., Shaban, S.A., Ibrahim, F.A., Mahmoud, A.S. (2016). Degradation of methyl orange using Fenton catalytic reaction. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 25, 317–321 doi: 10.1016/j.ejpe.2015.07.017
  10. Vinsiah, R., Mohadi, R., Lesbani, A. (2020). Performance of Graphite for Congo Red and Direct Orange Adsorption. Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability. 4, 125-132, doi: 10.26554/ijems.2020.4.4.125-132
  11. Ríos-Badrán, I.M., Luzardo-Ocampo, I., García-Trejo, J.F., Santos-Cruz, J., Gutiérrez-Antonio, C. (2020). Production and characterization of fuel pellets from rice husk and wheat straw. Renewable Energy, 145, 500–507, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.06.048
  12. Tang, H., Zhou, W., Zhang, L. (2012). Adsorption isotherms and kinetics studies of malachite green on chitin hydrogels. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 209–210, 218–225, doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.01.010
  13. Arabkhani, P., Asfaram, A. (2020). Development of a novel three-dimensional magnetic polymer aerogel as an efficient adsorbent for malachite green removal. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 384, 121394, doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121394
  14. Vimonses, V., Lei, S., Jin, B., Chow, C.W.K., Saint, C. (2009). Kinetic study and equilibrium isotherm analysis of Congo Red adsorption by clay materials. Chemical Engineering Journal, 148, 354–364, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2008.09.009
  15. Theresa, M., Ginting, S. (2017). Impregnation of bentonite with cellulose as adsorbent of congo red. Science and Technology Indonesia, 2, 37-44, doi: 10.26554/sti.2017.2.2.37-44
  16. Zubair, M., Manzar, M.S., Mu’azu, N.D., Anil, I., Blaisi, N.I., Al-Harthi, M.A. (2020). Functionalized MgAl-layered hydroxide intercalated date-palm biochar for Enhanced Uptake of Cationic dye: Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic studies. Applied Clay Science, 190, 105587, doi: 10.1016/j.clay.2020.105587
  17. Daud, M., Hai, A., Banat, F., Wazir, M.B., Habib, M., Bharath, G., Al-Harthi, M.A. (2019). A review on the recent advances, challenges and future aspect of layered double hydroxides (LDH)– Containing hybrids as promising adsorbents for dyes removal. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 288, 110989, doi: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.110989
  18. Qu, J., Sha, L., Wu, C., Zhang, Q. (2019). Applications of mechanochemically prepared layered double hydroxides as adsorbents and catalysts: A mini-review. Nanomaterials, 9, 1–15, doi: 10.3390/nano9010080
  19. Ouassif, H., Moujahid, E.M., Lahkale, R., Sadik, R., Bouragba, F.Z., Sabbar, E., Diouri, M. (2020). Zinc-Aluminum layered double hydroxide: High efficient removal by adsorption of tartrazine dye from aqueous solution. Surfaces and Interfaces, 18, 100401, doi: 10.1016/j.surfin.2019.100401
  20. De Sá, F.P., Cunha, B.N., Nunes, L.M. (2013). Effect of pH on the adsorption of Sunset Yellow FCF food dye into a layered double hydroxide (CaAl-LDH-NO3). Chemical Engineering Journal, 215–216, 122–127, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2012.11.024
  21. Lesbani, A., Asri, F., Palapa, N.R., Taher, T., Rachmat, A. (2020). Efficient removal of methylene blue by adsorption using composite based Ca/Al layered double hydroxide-biochar. Global NEST Journal, 22, 250–257, doi: 10.30955/gnj.003359
  22. El Gaini, L., Lakraimi, M., Sebbar, E., Meghea, A., Bakasse, M. (2009). Removal of indigo carmine dye from water to Mg-Al-CO3-calcined layered double hydroxides. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161, 627–632, doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.089
  23. Lafi, R., Charradi, K., Djebbi, M.A., Ben Haj Amara, A., Hafiane, A. (2016). Adsorption study of Congo red dye from aqueous solution to Mg-Al-layered double hydroxide. Advanced Powder Technology, 27, 232–237, doi: 10.1016/j.apt.2015.12.004
  24. Hu, H., Wageh, S., Al-Ghamdi, A.A., Yang, S., Tian, Z., Cheng, B., Ho, W. (2020). NiFe-LDH nanosheet/carbon fiber nanocomposite with enhanced anionic dye adsorption performance. Applied Surface Science, 511, 145570, doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.145570
  25. Meili, L., Lins, P.V., Zanta, C.L.P.S., Soletti, J.I., Ribeiro, L.M.O., Dornelas, C.B., Silva, T.L., Vieira, M.G.A. (2019). MgAl-LDH/Biochar composites for methylene blue removal by adsorption. Applied Clay Science, 168, 11–20, doi: 10.1016/j.clay.2018.10.012
  26. Zubair, M., Saood, M., Dalhat, N., Anil, I. (2020). Applied Clay Science Functionalized MgAl-layered hydroxide intercalated date-palm biochar for Enhanced Uptake of Cationic dye : Kinetics , isotherm and thermodynamic studies. Applied Clay Science, 190, 105587, doi: 10.1016/j.clay.2020.105587
  27. Amin, M.T., Alazba, A.A., Shafiq, M. (2020). LDH of NiZnFe and its composites with carbon nanotubes and data-palm biochar with efficient adsorption capacity for RB5 dye from aqueous solutions: Isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamics studies. Current Applied Physics, (Article in Press), Available online 31 July 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.cap.2020.07.005
  28. Palapa, N.R., Taher, T., Rahayu, B.R., Mohadi, R., Rachmat, A., Lesbani, A. (2020). CuAl LDH/Rice Husk Biochar Composite for Enhanced Adsorptive Removal of Cationic Dye from Aqueous Solution. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 15(2), 525–537, doi: 10.9767/bcrec.15.2.7828.525-537
  29. Pang, X., Chen, L., Liu, Y., Chi, M., Li, Z., Plank, J. (2017). Growth behavior of water dispersed MgAl layered double hydroxide nanosheets. RSC Advances, 7, 14989–14997, doi: 10.1039/C7RA00833C
  30. Lins, P.V.S., Henrique, D.C., Ide, A.H., da silva Duarte, J.L., Dotto, G.L., Yazidi, A., Sellaoui, L., Erto, A., Zanta, C.L.d.P.e.S., Meili, L. (2020). Adsorption of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug onto MgAl/LDH-activated carbon composite – Experimental investigation and statistical physics modeling. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 586, 124217, doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124217
  31. Kang, D., Yu, X., Tong, S., Ge, M., Zuo, J., Cao, C., Song, W. (2013). Performance and mechanism of Mg/Fe layered double hydroxides for fluoride and arsenate removal from aqueous solution. Chemical Engineering Journal, 228, 731–740, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2013.05.041
  32. Clark, I., Smith, J., Gomes, R.L., Lester, E. (2019). Continuous Synthesis of Zn2Al-CO3 Layered Double Hydroxides for the Adsorption of Reactive Dyes from Water. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 7, 2213-2929, doi : 10.1016/j.jece.2019.103175
  33. Modwi, A., Abbo, M.A., Hassan, E.A., Al-Duaij, O.K., Houas, A. (2017). Adsorption kinetics and photocatalytic degradation of malachite green (MG) via Cu/ZnO nanocomposites. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 5, 5954–5960, doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2017.11.024
  34. Huang, Q., Song, S., Chen, Z., Hu, B., Chen, J., Wang, X. (2019). Biochar-based materials and their applications in removal of organic contaminants from wastewater: state-of-the-art review. Biochar, 1, 45–73, doi: 10.1007/s42773-019-00006-5
  35. Khan, M.A., Alqadami, A.A., Otero, M., Siddiqui, M.R., Alothman, Z.A., Alsohaimi, I., Rafatullah, M., Hamedelniel, A.E. (2019). Heteroatom-doped magnetic hydrochar to remove post-transition and transition metals from water: Synthesis, characterization, and adsorption studies. Chemosphere, 218, 1089–1099, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.210
  36. Menya, E., Olupot, P.W., Storz, H., Lubwama, M., Kiros, Y., John, M.J. (2020). Optimization of pyrolysis conditions for char production from rice husks and its characterization as a precursor for production of activated carbon. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 10, 57–72, doi: 10.1007/s13399-019-00399-0
  37. Palapa, N.R., Juleanti, N.N., Mohadi, R., Taher, T., Rachmat, A., Lesbani, A. (2020). Copper Aluminum Layered Double Hydroxide Modified by Biochar and its Application as an Adsorbent for Procion Red. Journal of Water and Environment Technology, 18, 359–371, doi: 10.2965/JWET.20-059
  38. Ahmed, D.N., Naji, L.A., Faisal, A.A.H., Al-Ansari, N., Naushad, M. (2020). Waste foundry sand/MgFe-layered double hydroxides composite material for efficient removal of Congo red dye from aqueous solution. Scientific Reports, 10, 1–12, doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-58866-y
  39. Qu, W., Yuan, T., Yin, G., Xu, S., Zhang, Q., Su, H. (2019). Effect of properties of activated carbon on malachite green adsorption. Fuel, 249, 45–53, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.03.058
  40. Lee, Y.C., Amini, M.H.M., Sulaiman, N.S., Mazlan, M., Boon, J.G. (2018). Batch adsorption and isothermic studies of malachite green dye adsorption using leucaena leucocephala biomass as potential adsorbent in water treatment. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 40, 563–569, doi: 10.14456/sjst-psu.2018.67
  41. Segun Esan, O. (2019). The Removal of Single and Binary Basic Dyes from Synthetic Wastewater Using Bentonite Clay Adsorbent. American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology, 5, 16, doi: 10.11648/j.ajpst.20190501.13
  42. Abdel Salam, M., Abukhadra, M.R., Adlii, A. (2020). Insight into the Adsorption and Photocatalytic Behaviors of an Organo-bentonite/CO3O4 Green Nanocomposite for Malachite Green Synthetic Dye and Cr(VI) Metal Ions: Application and Mechanisms. ACS Omega, 5, 6, 2766–2778, doi: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03411
  43. Biswas, S., Sharma, S., Mukherjee, S., Meikap, B.C., Sen, T.K. (2020). Process modelling and optimization of a novel Semifluidized bed adsorption column operation for aqueous phase divalent heavy metal ions removal. Journal of Water Process Engineering, Elsevier. 37, 101406, doi: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101406
  44. Rajabi, M., Mirza, B., Mahanpoor, K., Mirjalili, M., Najafi, F., Moradi, O., Sadegh, H., Shahryari-ghoshekandi, R., Asif, M., Tyagi, I., Agarwal, S., Gupta, V.K. (2016). Adsorption of malachite green from aqueous solution by carboxylate group functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Determination of equilibrium and kinetics parameters. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 34, 130–138, doi: 10.1016/j.jiec.2015.11.001
  45. George, G., Saravanakumar, M.P. (2018). Facile synthesis of carbon-coated layered double hydroxide and its comparative characterisation with Zn–Al LDH: application on crystal violet and malachite green dye adsorption—isotherm, kinetics and Box-Behnken design. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 30236–54, doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-3001-3
  46. Nasiri Azad, F., Ghaedi, M., Dashtian, K., Hajati, S., Goudarzi, A., Jamshidi, M. (2015). Enhanced simultaneous removal of malachite green and safranin O by ZnO nanorod-loaded activated carbon: Modeling, optimization and adsorption isotherms. New Journal of Chemistry, 39, 7998–8005, doi: 10.1039/c5nj01281c
  47. Mashkoor, F., Nasar, A. (2019). Preparation, characterization and adsorption studies of the chemically modified Luffa aegyptica peel as a potential adsorbent for the removal of malachite green from aqueous solution. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 274, 315–327, doi: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.10.119
  48. Rangabhashiyam, S., Balasubramanian, P. (2018). Performance of novel biosorbents prepared using native and NaOH treated Peltophorum pterocarpum fruit shells for the removal of malachite green. Bioresource Technology Reports, 3, 75–81, doi: 10.1016/j.biteb.2018.06.004
  49. Lesbani, A., Taher, T., Palapa, N.R., Mohadi, R., Rachmat, A., Mardiyanto. (2020). Preparation and utilization of Keggin-type polyoxometalate intercalated Ni–Fe layered double hydroxides for enhanced adsorptive removal of cationic dye. SN Applied Sciences, 2, 4–7, doi: 10.1007/s42452-020-2300-8
  50. Amin, R.M., Taha, M., Abdel Moaty, S.A., Abo El-Ela, F.I., Nassar, H.F., Gadelhak, Y., Mahmoud, R.K. (2019). Gamma radiation as a green method to enhance the dielectric behaviour, magnetization, antibacterial activity and dye removal capacity of Co-Fe LDH nanosheets. RSC Advances, 9, 32544–92561, doi: 10.1039/c9ra06509a
  51. Palapa, N.R., Mohadi, R., Rachmat, A., Lesbani, A. (2020). Adsorption Study of Malachite Green Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Cu / M3+ ( M3+ = Al , Cr ) Layered Double Hydroxide. Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry, 10, 33–45, doi: 10.13171/mjc10102001261236al
  52. Sriram, G., Uthappa, U.T., Losic, D., Kigga, M., Jung, H.Y., Kurkuri, M.D. (2020). Mg-Al-layered double hydroxide (LDH) modified diatoms for highly efficient removal of Congo red from aqueous solution. Applied Sciences, 10(7), 2285, doi: 10.3390/app10072285

Last update: 2021-04-21 12:18:20

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2021-04-21 12:18:25

No citation recorded.
Copyright (c) 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Journal Author(s) Rights

In order for BCREC Group to publish and disseminate research articles, we need publishing rights (transfered from author(s) to publisher). This is determined by a publishing agreement between the Author(s) and BCREC Group. This agreement deals with the transfer or license of the copyright of publishing to BCREC Group, while Authors still retain significant rights to use and share their own published articles. BCREC Group supports the need for authors to share, disseminate and maximize the impact of their research and these rights, in any databases.

As a journal Author, you have rights for a large range of uses of your article, including use by your employing institute or company. These Author rights can be exercised without the need to obtain specific permission. Authors publishing in BCREC journals have wide rights to use their works for teaching and scholarly purposes without needing to seek permission, including:

  • use for classroom teaching by Author or Author's institution and presentation at a meeting or conference and distributing copies to attendees; 
  • use for internal training by author's company; 
  • distribution to colleagues for their reseearch use; 
  • use in a subsequent compilation of the author's works; 
  • inclusion in a thesis or dissertation; 
  • reuse of portions or extracts from the article in other works (with full acknowledgement of final article); 
  • preparation of derivative works (other than commercial purposes) (with full acknowledgement of final article); 
  • voluntary posting on open web sites operated by author or author’s institution for scholarly purposes, 
(but it should follow the open access license of Creative Common CC-by-SA License).

Authors/Readers/Third Parties can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, as well as remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, but they must give appropriate credit (the name of the creator and attribution parties (authors detail information), a copyright notice, an open access license notice, a disclaimer notice, and a link to the material), provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made (Publisher indicates the modification of the material (if any) and retain an indication of previous modifications using a CrossMark Policy and information about Erratum-Corrigendum notification).

Authors/Readers/Third Parties can read, print and download, redistribute or republish the article (e.g. display in a repository), translate the article, download for text and data mining purposes, reuse portions or extracts from the article in other works, sell or re-use for commercial purposes, remix, transform, or build upon the material, they must distribute their contributions under the same license as the original Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA).

Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (Publishing Right)

The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright for publishing (publishing right) of the article shall be assigned/transferred to Publisher of Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis journal and Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University/Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) (or BCREC Group).

Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (CTAP)'. An e-mail will be sent to the Corresponding Author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing' form by online version of this agreement.

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis journal and Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University/Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia-Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS), the Editors and the Advisory International Editorial Board make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in the Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis are sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors and advertisers.

Remember, even though we ask for a transfer of copyright for publishing (CTAP), our journal Author(s) retain (or are granted back) significant scholarly rights as mentioned before.

The Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (CTAP) Form can be downloaded here: [Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (CTAP) Form BCREC 2020] 


The copyright form should be signed electronically and send to the Editorial Office in the form of original e-mail below:  

Prof. Dr. I. Istadi (Editor-in-Chief)
Editorial Office of Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Laboratory of Plasma-Catalysis (R3.5), UPT Laboratorium Terpadu, Universitas Diponegoro
Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia 50275
Telp/Whatsapp: +62-81-316426342
E-mail: bcrec[at]live.undip.ac.id

(This policy statements has been updated at 24th December 2020)